User:Yakushima/demreason

Various Landemore Delib & Cog Divers cites

• Ackerman, Bruce; Fishkin, James S. (2005). Deliberation Day. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300109644.

• Althaus, Scott L. (2003). Collective preferences in democratic politics: opinion surveys and the will of the people. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521527872.

• Andersen, Elizabeth (2006), "The Epistemology of Democracy", Episteme: A Journal of Social Epistemology, 3 (1): 8–22{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

• Aristotle (transl. C.D.C. Reeve) (1998). Politics. Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company. ISBN 0872203883.

• Arrow, Kenneth (1963). Social Choice and Individual Values (2 ed.). Princeton, NJ: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300013647.

• Barber, Benjamin R. (1982 (2003)). Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age (2 ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0520242335. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)

• Barnett, Anthony; Carty, Peter (2008 [1998]). The Athenian Option: Radical Reform for the House of Lords (Luck of the Draw: Sortition and Public Policy). Charlottesville VA: Imprint Academic. ISBN 1845401395. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)

• Bartels, Larry (1996). "Uninformed Votes: Information Effects in Presidential Elections" (PDF). American Journal of Political Science. 40 (4): 194–230.
• Bohman, James (2006). "Deliberative Democracy and the Epistemic Benefits of Diversity". Episteme. 3 (3): 175–191. doi:10.1353/epi.2007.0000. ISSN 1742-3600.

HL: says he "has argued for a trichotomous diversity of opinions, values, and perspectives as a means to support the epistemic benefit of deliberative democracy"

• Bohman, James (1998). "Survey article: The Coming of Age of Deliberative Democracy". The Journal of Political Philosophy. 6 (4): 400–425. doi:10.1111/1467-9760.00061.

• Boland, Phillip .J.; Proschan, Frank; Tong, Yung Liang (1989), "Modelling Dependence in Simple and Indirect Majority Systems", Journal of Applied Probability, 26: 81–88

• Breton, Philippe (2006). Paris: Editions La Découverte. ISBN 2707146277. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "L’incompétence démocratique. La crise de la parole aux sources du malaise (dans la) politique" ignored (help)

• Caplan, Bryan (2007). The Myth of the Rational Voter: Why Democracies Choose Bad Policies. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691138737.

• Carson, Lyn; Martin, Brian (1999). Random Selection in Politics. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0275967026. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

esp. interesting for Martin: "... his earlier scientific work was in stratospheric modelling and numerical methods; astrophysics; and wind power and electricity grids." Australian.

HL cites for sortition proposed "generally on fairness grounds and for procedural reasons"

• Cohen, Joshua (1996). "Procedure and Substance in Deliberative Democracy". In Banhabib, Seyla (ed.). Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 95–119. ISBN 0691044783.

• Cohen, Joshua (1989). "Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy" (PDF). In Hamlin, Alan; Pettit, Philip (eds.). The Good Polity: Normative Analysis of the State. New York: Basil Blackwell. pp. 17–34. ISBN 0631158049.

• Cohen, Joshua (1986). "An Epistemic Conception of Democracy". Ethics. 97 (1). University of Chicago Press: 26–28.

• Coleman, Jules; Ferejohn, John (1986). "Democracy and Social Choice" (PDF). Ethics. 97 (1): 6–25.

• Converse, Philip E. (1964). "The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics". In Apter, David E. (ed.). Ideology and Discontent. New York: Free Press. pp. 206–261. ISBN 0029007607.

• Converse, Philip E. (1990). "Popular representation and the distribution of information". In Ferejohn, J.A.; Kuklinski, J.H. (eds.). Information and Democratic Processes. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252016793.

• Converse, Philip E. (2000). "Assessing the Capacity of Mass Electorates" (PDF). Annual Review of Political Science. 3: 331–353. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.331.

• Cooke, Maeve (Dec 2000). "Five Arguments for Deliberative Democracy" (PDF). Political Studies. 48 (5): 947–969. doi:10.1111/1467-9248.00289.

• Copp, David; Hampton, Jean; Roemer, John E., eds. (1995). The Idea of Democracy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521483263.

• Christiano, Thomas (1996). The rule of the many: fundamental issues in democratic theory. Westview Press. ISBN 0813314542.

• Christiano, Thomas (1997). "The Significance of Public Deliberation" (HTML). In Bohman, J.; Regh, W. (eds.). Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0262522411.

• Dahl, Robert A. (2000). "A Democratic Paradox?". Political Science Quarterly. 115 (1): 35–40.

• Delli Carpini, Michael X.; Keeter, Scott (1996). What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300072759.

• Downs, Anthony (1957). An Economic Theory of Democracy (1 ed.). New York: Harper and Row. ISBN 0060417501.

• Dryzek, John (2000). Deliberative democracy and beyond: liberals, critics, contestations. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198295073.

• Dunn, John. Setting the People Free: The Story of Democracy (1 ed.). London: Atlantic Books. ISBN 1843542110.
• Duxbury, Neil (2002). Random Justice: On Lotteries and Legal Decision-Making. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199253536.

HL cites for sortition proposed "generally on fairness grounds and for procedural reasons"

• Elkin, Stephen L.; Sołtan, Karol Edward (1999). Citizen competence and democratic institutions. University Park, PA: Pennsylania State University Press. ISBN 027101816X.

• Elster, Jon (1999), "Accountability in Athenian Politics", in Przeworski, Adam; Stokes, Susan C.; Manin, Bernard (eds.), Democracy, Accountability, and Representation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 253–78, ISBN 0521646162

HL cites for sortition proposed "generally on fairness grounds and for procedural reasons" (pp. 78-103)

• Elster, Jon, ed. (1998). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521596963.

• Elster, Jon. "The Market and the Forum: Three Varieties of Political Theory". In Elster, Jon; Hylland, Aanund (eds.). Foundations of Social Choice Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

• Estlund, David; Waldron, Jeremy; Grofman, Bernard; Feld, Scott L. (1989). "Controversy: democratic theory and the public interest: Condorcet and Rousseau revisited". American Political Science Review. 83: 1317–40.

• Estlund, David (1997). "Beyond Fairness and Deliberation: The Epistemic Dimension of Democratic Authority". In Bohman, James; Rehg, William (eds.). Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 173–204. ISBN 0262522411.

• Estlund, David M. (2009). Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691143242.

• Estlund, David M., ed. (2002). Democracy. Readings in Philosophy. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0631221042.

• Estlund, David M. (1994). "Opinion Leaders, Independence, and Condorcet's Jury Theorem" (PDF). Theory and Decision. 36 (2): 131–62. doi:10.1007/BF01079210.

• Estlund, David M. (1993). "Who's Afraid of Deliberative Democracy? On the Strategic/Deliberative Dichotomy in Recent Constitutional Jurisprudence". Texas Law Review. 71. {{cite journal}}: Text "pages 1437-77" ignored (help)

• Estlund, David M. (1993). "Making Truth Safe for Democracy". In Copp, D.; Hampton, J.; Roemer, J. (eds.). The Idea of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 71–100. ISBN 0521483263.

• Farrar, Cynthia; Fishkin, James; Green, Donald; List, Christian; Luskin, Robert; Paluck, Elisabeth Levy (2010). "Disaggregating Deliberation's Effects: An Experiment within a Deliberative Poll" (PDF). British Journal of Political Science. 40: 333–347. doi:10.1017/S0007123409990433.

HL see comment on Fishkin 2009 abt language/culture barriers.

• Finley, Moses I. (1985). Democracy ancient and modern. Mason Welch Gross lectureship series (2 (rev) ed.). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0813511267.

HL book cites for analysis of Athens' Sicilian Expedition

• Fishkin, James (2009). When the People Speak: Deliberative Democracy and Public Consultation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

HL: "skepticism [about language/culture differences] can be partially countered in light of the positive results obtained in many deliberative settings, particularly [Fishkin's] across the globe, sometimes despite challenging communicative contexts induced by language barriers and cultural differences... "

• Follet, Mary Parker (1942 [1925]), "Constructive Conflict", in Metcalf, H.C. (ed.), Dynamic Administration: The Collected Papers of Mary Parker Follett, New York: Harper, pp. 30–49, ISBN 0415279828 {{citation}}: |editor2-first= has generic name (help); |editor2-first= missing |editor2-last= (help); Check date values in: |year= (help); Missing pipe in: |editor2-first= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link)

HL, fresh air vs. avoiding a draft - synthesis: open a window in another room.

• Fung, Archon; Wright, Erik Olin, eds. (2003). Deepening democracy: institutional innovations in empowered participatory governance. Real Utopias Project. New York, London: Verso. ISBN 1859846882.

• Galston, William A. (2001). "Political Knowledge, Political Engagement, and Civic Education" (PDF). Annual Review of Political Science: 217–34. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.4.1.217. {{cite journal}}: Text "volume 4" ignored (help)

• Gaus, Gerald (2002). "Reason, Justification, and Consensus: Why Democracy Can't Have It All". In Bohman, J.; Regh, W. (eds.). Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0262522411.

• Gaus, Gerald (1997). "Looking for the Best and Finding None Better: The Epistemic Case for Democracy". The Modern Schoolman.

• Gaus, Gerald (1996). Justificatory Liberalism: An Essay on Epistemology and Political Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195094409.

• Gherlein, William V. (2002). "Condorcet's Paradox and the likelihood of its occurrence: different perspectives on balanced preferences". Theory and Decision. 52 (2): 277–84. doi:10.1023/A:1015551010381.

• Goodin, Robert E. (2008). Innovating democracy: democratic theory and practice after the deliberative turn. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199547947.

• Goodin, Robert E. (2003). Reflective Democracy. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199256179.

• Goodin, Robert; List, Christian (2009). "Epistemic Aspects of Representative Government" (PDF). Working Paper.

HL: "[They] emphasize that the epistemic gain [from] what they call the Selection effect (the choice of representatives based on their alleged competence) is probably relatively small..."

• Goodin, Robert; List, Christian (2001). "Epistemic Democracy: Generalizing the Condorcet Jury Theorem" (PDF). Journal of Political Philosophy. 9 (3): 277–306. doi:10.1111/1467-9760.00128.

• Goodwin, Barbara (1992). Justice By Lottery. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 1845400259.

• Grunberg, Gérard (2002). "Le soutien a la démocratie représentative". In Grunberg, Gérard; Mayer, Nonna; Sniderman, Paul M (eds.). La démocratie à l'épreuve: une nouvelle approche de l'opinion des Français. Paris: Presse de Sciences Po.

• Gutmann, Amy; Thompson, Dennis Frank (2004). Why deliberative democracy?. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691120196.

• Gutmann, Amy; Thompson, Dennis Frank. "Deliberative Democracy Beyond Process". Journal of Political Philosophy. 10 (2): 153–174. doi:10.1111/1467-9760.00147.

• Lu, Hong; Page, Scott (2004). "Groups of Diverse Problem Solvers Can Outperform Groups of High-Ability Problem Solvers". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (46): 16385–89.

HL: Hong & Page "provide a much more fine-grained and specific account of the kind of diversity that matters for group competence. [It] is not primarily a diversity of opinions, values, "perspectives" (as end-results rather than processes), or even [...] of social and economic backgrounds [e.g. Sunstein's “social” heterogeneity] [.... but] a more fundamental cognitive diversity[...]: how each individual sees the world, interprets problems and makes predictions in it."

• Kahneman, Daniel; Tversky, Amos (1979). "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk" (PDF). Econometrica. 47 (2). The Econometric Society: 263–292. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Leib, Ethan J. (2005). Deliberative Democracy in America: A Proposal for a Popular Branch. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0271023635.

WP bio tagged for notability concerns - write to him about fixing that.

• Kuklinski, James H; Quirk, Paul J. (2000). "Reconsidering the Rational Public: Cognition, Heuristics, and Mass Opinion". In Lupia, Arthur; McCubbins, Mathew Daniel; Popkin, Samuel L. (eds.). Elements of reason: cognition, choice, and the bounds of rationality. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521653320.

• Habermas, Jurgen (2006). "Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research" (PDF). Communication Theory. 16 (4): 411–426. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00280.x. ISSN 1050-3293.

Hibbing, John R.; Theiss-Morse, Elizabeth (1995). Congress as public enemy: public attitudes toward American political institutions. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521483360.

• Luskin, Robert C. (1987). "Measuring Political Sophistication". American Journal of Political Science. 31 (4). Midwest Political Science Association: 856–899. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

• Lippincott, Benjamin (1964 [1938]). Victorian Critics of Democracy: Carlyle, Ruskin, Arnold, Stephen, Maine, Lecky. Octagon Books. ISBN 0374950350. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)

• Lippmann, Walter (1993 [1925]). The Phantom Public. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1560006773. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)

• Lipset, Seymour M. (1960). Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc. ISBN 0801825229.

• Lupia, Arthur; McCubbins, Mathew D. (1998). The democratic dilemma: can citizens learn what they need to know?. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521585937.

• Luskin, Robert C. (2002). "From denial to extenuation (and finally beyond): Political sophistication and citizen performance". In Kuklinski, James H. (ed.). Thinking about political psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521593778.

• Mackie, Gerry (2010), Why It's Rational to Vote (PDF), San Diego, CA: UCSD

• Mackie, Gerry (2012 [2008]). "Rational Ignorance and Beyond" (PDF). In Landemore, Hélène; Elster, Jon (eds.). Collective Wisdom: Principles and Mechanisms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)

• Mackie, Gerry (2004). Democracy Defended. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521534313.

• Mackie, Gerry (1998). "All Men are Liars: Is Democracy Meaningless". In Elster, Jon (ed.). Deliberative democracy. Cambridge studies in the theory of democracy. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521596963.

• Manin, Bernard (1997). The Principles of Representative Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521458919.

HL, cites for term limits as "essential and uncontroversial feature" of representative democracies.

• Mansbridge, Jane (6 April 2009), Deliberative and Non-Deliberative Negotiations, HKS, Working Paper No. RWP09-010

HL, fresh air vs. avoiding a draft - synthesis: open a window in another room.

• Mansbridge, Jane (1999). "Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent 'Yes'" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 61 (3): 628–57.

HL - citing for "selective descriptive representation" (oversampling possibly underrepresented, disadvantaged cognitive minorities) cf. what JM calls (after A.H. Birch 1993) "microcosmic descriptive" (pure sortition) which JM feels is "too utopian" (in HL's words?). Selectivity would supposedly "enhance the substantive representation of these disadvantaged groups' interests as well as improve the self-image of those communities or increase the polity's de facto legitimacy [presumably with those groups]".

• Mansbridge, Jane (1983). Beyond Adversary Democracy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226503550.

• Marti, José Luis (2006). "The Epistemic Conception of Deliberative Democracy Defended". In Besson, Samantha; Marti, José Luis (eds.). Democracy and its Discontents: National and Post-national Challenges. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. pp. 27–56. ISBN 075462627X.

• McCormick, John (2011). Machiavellian Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521530903.

Actually seems to get The Discourses, his seemingly oxymoronic title notwithstanding. No Amazon review yet.

Enviro policy before this. Euro guy now. Maybe knows our Japan Oxonian Euro guy? WP bio needs cleanup.

• Mill, John Stuart (2010 [1861]). Considerations on Representative Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)

HL: quotes Mill saying this assembly should be "a fair sample of every grade of intellect among the people" rather than "a selection of the greatest political minds in the country" (Mill 2010 [1861]: 74-75).

• Mouffe, Chantal (1999). "Deliberative Democracy or Agonistic Pluralism?". Social Research. 66: 745–758. ISSN 0037-783X. {{cite journal}}: Text "number 3" ignored (help)

HL, cites for those " agonistic pluralists" who "argue that problem-solving does not exhaust the tasks that representatives have to accomplish [...] a lot of politics is in fact about bargaining, the defense of particular interests or, even, more fundamentally, an existential clash of worldviews and values..." She goes on to say that this view is still "parasitic on a deliberative approach [....] For politics to be possible at all, rather than pure “agon” or war, there must be some fundamental domain of rational agreement to begin with."

• Mouffe, Chantal (2000). The Democratic Paradox. London: Verso. ISBN 1859847587.

• Mulgan, Richard G (1984). "Lot as a Democratic Device of Selection". Review of Politics. 46: 539–560.

HL cites for sortition proposed "generally on fairness grounds and for procedural reasons"

• Meyer, William J. (May, 1974). "Democracy: Needs over Wants". Political Theory. 2 (2): 197–214. doi:10.1177/009059177400200205. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

• Morris-Jones, W.H. (February, 1954). "In Defence of Apathy: Some Doubts on the Duty to Vote". Political Studies. 2 (1): 25–37. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1954.tb01011.x. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

• Nino, Carlos S. (1996). The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300077270.

• Noveck, Beth Simone (2009). Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0815702752.

• Ober, Josiah (2008). Democracy and Knowledge: Innovation and Knowledge in Classical Athens. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691146241.

HL: he "stressed ... diversity of "thought and culture" in the ability of the democratic institutions of Ancient Athens to aggregate the distributed knowledge of its citizens and to solve various public action problems ..."

• Page, Benjamin I.; Shapiro, Robert Y. (1992). The rational public: fifty years of trends in Americans' policy preferences. Chicago: Chicago University Press. ISBN 0226644782. {{cite book}}: Text "year" ignored (help)

• Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1942). Capitalism, socialism, and democracy. New York, London: Harper & Brothers. ASIN B002BCIMOG.

• Schlozman, Kay Lehman; Verba, Sidney; Brady, Henry E. (1999). "Civic Participation and the Equality Problem" (PDF). In Skocpol, Theda; Fiorina, Morris P. (eds.). Civic engagement in American Democracy. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0815728107.

• Page, Scott (2007). "Diversity Trumps Ability Theorem". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) In Scott Page. The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 131–174. ISBN 0691138540.

HL: Hong-Page "cognitive diversity" (="functional diversity") is "a diversity of perspectives (the way of representing situations and problems), ... interpretations (the way of categorizing or partitioning perspectives), ... heuristics (the way of generating solutions to problems), and ... predictive models (the way of inferring cause and effect) (Page 2007: 7)+(Hong & Page 2004)?

HL: "under some conditions, a randomly selected collection of problem solvers outperforms a collection of the best individual problem solvers"

• Simmons, A. John (2001 title = Justification and Legitimacy: Essays on Rights and Obligations). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521793653. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Missing pipe in: |year= (help)

• Simon, Herbert A. (1957). Wiley. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "Models of Man: Social and Rational - Mathematical Essays on Rational Human Behavior in a Social Setting" ignored (help)

• Somin, Ilya (1998). "Voter Ignorance and the Democratic Ideal". Critical Review. 12 (4): 413-458. ISSN 0891-3811.

• Somin, Ilya (1999). "Resolving the Democratic Dilemma?". Yale Journal on Regulation. 16 (2): 401–414. ISSN 0741-9457., a review of Lupia, Arthur; McCubbins, Mathew D. (1998). The democratic dilemma: can citizens learn what they need to know?. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521585937.

• Somin, Ilya (April 2004). "Political Ignorance and the Countermajoritarian Difficulty: A New Perspective on the Central Obsession of Constitutional Theory". Iowa Law Review. 89 (4): 1287–1371. doi:10.2139/ssrn.457760. SSRN 457760. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); More than one of |work= and |journal= specified (help)

• Pateman, Carole (1970). Participation and democratic theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052129004X.

• Peter, Fabienne (2009). Democratic legitimacy. New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN 0415332826. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

• Pettit, Philip (2003). "Deliberative Democracy, the Discursive Dilemma, and Republican Theory". In Fishkin, James S.; Laslett, Peter (eds.). Debating Deliberative Democracy. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1405100435. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter |link= ignored (help)

• Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel (1967). The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520021568.

HL cite for term "descriptive representation"

HL cite for "the concept of representation is multi-faceted"

• Popkin, Samuel L. (1996). The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press. ISBN 0226675459.

HL book cites him as using the phrase "hatred of democracy" to describe confirmation bias in "stressing examples of evil majorities".

• Posner, Richard A. (2003). Law, Pragmatism, and Democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674010817.

• Posner, Richard A. "Law, Pragmatism, and Democracy: Reply to Somin". Critical Review. 16 (4): 463–69.

• Przeworski, Adam (1999). "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense". In Shapiro, Ian; Hacker-Cordón, Casiano (eds.). Democracy's value. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521643880.

• Ranciere, Jacques. La haine de la democratie. Paris: La Fabrique.

• Rawls, John (1999). Richard Freeman, Samuel (ed.). Collected papers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674137396.

• Rawls, John (1993). Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231052480.

• Raz, Joseph (2009). The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199573565.

• Riker, William H. (1982). Liberalism Against Populism: A Confrontation Between the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Social Choice. Waveland Press. ISBN 0881333670.

• Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1997). Gourevitch, Victor (ed.). The social contract and other later political writings. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521424461.

• Shapiro, Ian (2005). The State of Democratic Theory (3rd ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691123969.

• Shapiro, Ian (2003). The Moral Foundations of Politics. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300079079.

• Rehfeld, Andrew (2005). The Concept of Constituency: Political Representation, Democratic Legitimacy and Institutional Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521849845.

HL: He "provocatively suggests randomly assigning for life every new voter, upon their registration at 18, to one of 435 virtual constituencies [... which, he says,] would not only bring us closer to the real intentions of the Founders when they designed large territorial districts, but also closer to the normative ideal of legitimate representation."

• Salovey, Peter; Mayer, J.D. ([1990] 1998), "Emotional Intelligence", in Oatley, Keith; Jenkins, Jennifer M.; Stein, Nancy L. (eds.), Human Emotions: A Reader, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 313–320 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)

HL - "...individuals come equipped with different cognitive toolboxes...

• Sintomer, Yves (2007). Le Pouvoir au Peuple: jury citoyens, tirage au sort, et démocratie participative. Paris: La Découverte.

HL cites for sortition proposed "generally on fairness grounds and for procedural reasons"

• Sternberg, Robert. J (1985). Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521278910.

HL - "...individuals come equipped with different cognitive toolboxes...

• Stich, Stephen (1988). "Reflective Equilibrium, Analytic Epistemology and the Problem of Cognitive Diversity". Synthese. 74 (3): 391–413. doi:10.1007/BF00869637.

[Clean up my cite, since the URL is to an edited volume.]

HL quotes: cognition is "a cover term whose extension includes our own reasoning processes, the up-dating of our beliefs as the result of perception ..."

• Stone, Peter (2010). The Luck of the Draw: The Role of Lotteries in Decision-Making. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199756104 x. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)

Has commented on the work of a Waseda Prof, Tomonori Morikawa - http://www.politicsandthelifesciences.org/Contents/Contents-2002-3/PLS2002-3-2.pdf.

• Stone, Peter (2007). "Why Lotteries Are Just". The Journal of Political Philosophy. 15 (3): 276–295. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2006.00274.x.

HL cites for sortition proposed "generally on fairness grounds and for procedural reasons"

• Sunstein, Cass R. (2003). Why Societies Need Dissent. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674017684.

HL, citing, says many political theorists say "a plurality of opinions and enough social heterogeneity for the quality of group deliberation [...] protect collective decisions against the risk of group polarization"

• Sunstein, Cass R. (1999). "The Law of Group Polarization" (PDF). Journal of Political Philosophy. 10 (2): 175–195. doi:10.2139/ssrn.199668. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

See HL on Sunstein 2003 above

HL: "... hard to find compelling examples of deliberation in parliamentary settings [...] because of the difficulty to meet the conditions for ideal democratic deliberation assumed by formal models, [e.g.], [being] informed enough and sufficiently immune to [discussion] problems [...] such as social pressures and [...] 'the law of group polarization'...."

• Sunstein, Cass R. (2009). Going to Extremes: How Like Minds Unite and Divide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195378016.

• Sunstein, Cass R. (2009). A Constitution of many minds: why the founding document doesn't mean what it meant before. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691133379.

• Surowiecki, James (2004). The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many are Smarter than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economics, Societies and Nations. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 0385721706.

• Sutherland, Keith (2011). R. Brecher (ed.). "The Two Sides of the Representative Coin". Studies in Social Justice, Special Issue on Radical Theories of Democracy.

Forthcoming. Write for review copy?

• Talisse, Robert B. "Does Public Ignorance Defeat Deliberative Democracy?". Critical Review. 10 (4): 455–64.

• Tangian, A. S. (2000). "Unlikelihood of Condorcet's paradox in a large society". Social Choice and Welfare. 17 (2): 337–365. doi:10.1007/s003550050024.

• Tetlock, Philip (2005). Expert political judgment: how good is it? how can we know?. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691123020.

• Thaler, Richard H.; Sunstein, Cass R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Wealth, Health, and Happiness. Caravan Books. ISBN 0141040017.

HL: cite for anchoring effects

• Thompson, D.F. (2008). "Deliberative Democratic Theory and Empirical Political Science" (PDF). Annual Review of Political Science. 11. Palo Alto: 497–520. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.081306.070555.

• Alexis de Tocqueville (transl. Harvey Claflin Mansfield, Delba Winthrop) (2000). Harvey Claflin Mansfield; Delba Winthrop (eds.). Democracy in America. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226805328.

• Warren, Mark E.; Pearse, Hilary, eds. (2008). Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens’Assembly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521885078. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

HL cited this to say Citizen Assemblies are somewhat self- and chairman-selected.

• Urbinati, Nadia (2008). Representative Democracy: Principles and Genealogy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226842797.

• Waldron, Jeremy (1993). "Rights and Majorities: Rousseau Revisited". Liberal rights: collected papers, 1981-1991. Cambridge studies in philosophy and public policy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521436176.

• Watson, Warren E.; Kumar, Kamalesh; Michaelsen, Larry K. (1993). "Cultural diversity's impact on interaction process and performance: Comparing homogeneous and diverse task groups". Academic Management Journal. 36 (3): 590–602.

HL, cites this for Ober's "diversity of thought and culture" being claimed "with respect to the problem-solving abilities of culturally diverse groups compared to more culturally homogenous groups, provided the communication barriers have been overcome."

• Wingo, Ajume H. (2005), Modes of Public Reasoning in the Islamic/West Debate (unpublished manuscript)

• Wilentz, Sean (2005). The rise of American democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln. Norton. ISBN 0393058204.

• Wittman, Donald A. (1995). The Myth of Democratic Failure: Why Political Institutions are Efficient. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226904237.

• Zaller authorlink = John Zaller, John (1992). The nature and origins of mass opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521407869. {{cite book}}: Missing pipe in: |last= (help)