1854 in music

Events

 * February 27 – Robert Schumann unsuccessfully attempts suicide by throwing himself from a bridge into the River Rhine.
 * June 13 – Anthony Faas patents the 1st US accordion, having made improvements to both the keyboard, and to enhance the sound (11,062). US patent No.US11062A
 * Anton Rubinstein begins a four-year concert tour of Europe, establishing his reputation as the leading piano virtuoso of his generation.
 * Richard Wagner completes Das Rheingold.

Published popular music

 * "Hard Times Come Again No More" w.m. Stephen Collins Foster
 * "(I Dream of) Jeanie With the Light Brown Hair" w.m. Stephen Collins Foster
 * "Maggie by My Side" Stephen Collins Foster
 * "Old Dog Tray" Stephen Collins Foster
 * "What Is Home Without A Mother" w.m. Septimus Winner
 * "Willie We Have Missed You" Stephen Collins Foster

Classical music

 * Hector Berlioz – L'enfance du Christ
 * Charles Gounod – Chant de paix
 * Franz Liszt – Les préludes
 * Henri Wieniawski – Le carnaval russe for violin and piano
 * Johannes Brahms
 * Piano Trio No. 1, Op. 8 (revised in 1889)
 * Variations on a Theme by Robert Schumann in F-sharp minor, Op. 9, for piano. The theme is from Op. 99, Bunte Blätter.
 * Ballades, Op. 10
 * Fourteen Variations on a Hungarian Melody, in D major, Op. 21 No. 2
 * Charles Sandys Packer – "City of Sydney Polka"

Opera

 * Karel Miry – La Lanterne magique (opera in 3 acts, libretto by Hippoliet van Peene, premiered on March 10 in Ghent)
 * Franz Schubert – Alfonso und Estrella (premiered June 24 by Franz Liszt in Weimar, thirty-two years after it was composed)

Births

 * January 21 – Georges Ernest Street, composer (died 1908)
 * January 31 – William Hall Sherwood, composer (died 1911)
 * February 5 – Laura Emeline Newell, hymnist and songwriter (died 1916)
 * March 10 – Dolores Paterno, composer (died 1881)
 * March 14 – Fred Whishaw, musician (died 1934)
 * April 13
 * António D'Andrade, opera singer (d. 1942)
 * William Henry Drummond, lyricist (died 1907)
 * April 30 – Alexandre Rey Colaço, pianist (died 1928)
 * May 1 – Percy French, songwriter (died 1920)
 * May 5 – Antonio Smareglia, composer (died 1929)
 * May 6 – Laura Joyce Bell, contralto singer and actress (d. 1904)
 * May 13 – Paul Klengel, violinist (died 1935)
 * May 15 – Pavel Pabst, pianist (died 1897)
 * May 17 – Georges Gillet, oboist (died 1920)
 * May 18 – Bernard Zweers, composer (died 1924)
 * June 14 – Frederik Rung, composer (died 1914)
 * June 19 – Alfredo Catalani, composer (died 1893)
 * June 27 – Ladislao Bonus, Filipino composer (died 1908)
 * July 3 – Leoš Janáček, composer (d. 1928)
 * July 10 – John Lloyd Williams, musician (died 1945)
 * July 14 – Alexander Kopylov, violinist and composer (d. 1911)
 * August 23 – Moritz Moszkowski, composer (died 1925)
 * August 24 – Alfred Dudley Turner, composer (some sources have b.1853) (d.1888)
 * October 16 – Oscar Wilde, poet and lyricist (died 1900)
 * October 22 – James A. Bland, minstrel performer (died 1911)
 * October 30 – Julie Rivé-King, pianist (died 1937)
 * September 1 – Engelbert Humperdinck, composer (d. 1921)
 * September 22 – Ovide Musin, violinist (died 1929)
 * November 1 – W. Paris Chambers, composer (died 1913)
 * November 6 – John Philip Sousa, composer (d. 1932)
 * November 14 – Dina Edling, opera singer (d. 1935)

Deaths

 * January 12 – Philip Klitz, composer (born 1805)
 * February 4 – Iwan Müller, clarinetist (born 1786)
 * March 3 – Giovanni Battista Rubini, operatic tenor (born 1794)
 * March 26 – Emilie Hammarskjöld, pianist, singer and composer (born 1821)
 * April 18 – Józef Elsner, composer and teacher (born 1769)
 * April 30 – James Montgomery, hymnist (born 1771)
 * May 1 – Jean Coralli, dancer and choreographer (born 1779)
 * May 3 – William Beale, composer (born 1784)
 * May 18 – Henry Lemoine, composer and music publisher (born 1786)
 * May 31 – Vatroslav Lisinski, composer (born 1819)
 * June 17 – Henriette Sontag, operatic soprano (born 1806) (cholera)
 * July 14 – Louis-Pierre Norblin, cellist (born 1781)
 * August 21 – August Ferdinand Anacker, composer (born 1790)
 * October – Luigi Tarisio, violin dealer and collector (born c. 1790)
 * November 2 – Anton Pann, poet, musicologist and composer (born c. 1790)
 * November 17 – Alberich Zwyssig, composer of the Swiss national anthem (born 1808)