1867 in rail transport

February events

 * February 16 – The São Paulo Railway in Brazil is opened, including an incline system on the Serra do Mar.

April events

 * April 18 – Bristol and Exeter Railway's Portishead branch, built by the Bristol and Portishead Pier and Railway Company, opens.

May events

 * May 7 – The Windsor and Annapolis Railway is incorporated in Nova Scotia.

June events

 * June 29 – The Warrington rail crash in England kills 8 people.

August events

 * August 10 – The first railway in Indonesia (Dutch East Indies) (and the first in Asia outside the Indian subcontinent) opens between Semarang and Tanggun in central Java (25 km.
 * August 21 – The rack railway at Mount Morgan, Queensland, Australia, opens between Rockhampton and Westwood via Kabra.
 * August 24 – Opening of railway over the Brenner Pass between Austria and Italy.
 * August 27 – J. Nason and J. F. Wilson, both of Boston, Massachusetts, are awarded the first U.S. patent covering level crossing gates.

September events

 * September 4 – The Boston and Albany Railroad is formed through the merger of four smaller railroads in New England.

October events

 * October – John S. Eldridge succeeds Robert H. Berdell as president of the Erie Railroad.

November events

 * November 19 – The Denver Pacific Railway and Telegraph Company incorporated.

December events

 * December 1 – Skjærdalen and Tyristrand are connected on the Randsfjorden Line in Norway.
 * December 9 – The Lyttelton rail tunnel in New Zealand of 2595m between Christchurch and the port of Lyttelton is opened.
 * December 18 – The 'Angola Horror' train wreck kills 49 people near Angola, New York when the last coach of a Lake Shore train derails and plunges down a gulley.

Unknown date events

 * Cornelius Vanderbilt acquires control of the New York Central railroad.
 * The Lehigh Valley Railroad places the first 2-10-0 steam locomotives in the world into use.
 * Construction on the Union Pacific Railroad reaches Cheyenne, Wyoming.
 * An early form of dome car is introduced in Russia.
 * Construction on the Kansas Pacific Railway reaches Salina, Kansas.

Unknown date births

 * Carl R. Gray, president of the Union Pacific Railroad 1920–1937 (d. 1939).

January deaths

 * January 5 – William Norris, American steam locomotive builder and founder of Norris Locomotive Works (b. 1802).

February deaths

 * February 7 – William Dargan, Irish railway contractor (b. 1799).

June deaths

 * June 13 - Gridley Bryant, inventor of many basic railroad technologies including track and wheels (b. 1789).