3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction


 * (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ $$\rightleftharpoons$$ 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H+

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 3-oxoacyl-CoA, NADH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, to be specific those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.

Isozymes
In humans, the following genes encode proteins with 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity:
 * HADH – Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase
 * HSD17B10 – 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2
 * EHHADH – Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme
 * HSD17B4 – Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2

Function
3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase is classified as an oxidoreductase. It is involved in fatty acid metabolic processes. Specifically it catalyzes the third step of beta oxidation; the oxidation of L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA by NAD+. The reaction converts the hydroxyl group into a keto group.

The end product is 3-ketoacyl CoA.

Metabolic pathways
This enzyme participates in 8 metabolic pathways:


 * fatty acid elongation in mitochondria
 * fatty acid metabolism
 * valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
 * lysine degradation
 * tryptophan metabolism
 * benzoate degradation via coa ligation
 * butanoate metabolism
 * caprolactam degradation

Nomenclature
The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include:


 * 1-specific DPN-linked beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase
 * 3-hydroxyacetyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
 * 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
 * 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
 * 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
 * 3-keto reductase
 * 3-L-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
 * 3beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
 * beta-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase
 * beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
 * beta-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase
 * beta-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A synthetase
 * beta-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase
 * beta-hydroxybutyrylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase
 * beta-keto-reductase
 * beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase
 * L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
 * L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase

Structural studies
As of 20 January 2010, 22 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and.