Abaúj-Torna County

Abaúj-Torna (Abov-Turňa, Abaujwar-Tornau, comitatus Abaujvar-Tornensis) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its capital was Kassa (present-day Košice). Its territory is now divided between Hungary and Slovakia.

Geography
Around 1910, Abaúj-Torna county shared borders with Gömör-Kishont, Szepes, Sáros, Zemplén and Borsod counties. The rivers Hernád and Bódva flowed through the county. Its area was 3223 km2 around 1910.

History
The county Abaúj-Torna was a combination of Abaúj and Torna counties.

Its first creation was during the period of military dictatorship and centralisation in the Kingdom of Hungary following the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, existing from 13 September 1850 until the restoration of the traditional counties of Hungry in October 1860. It formed part of the District of Kaschau during this period.

The two counties were joined a second time in 1881. In the aftermath of World War I, the northern part of Abaúj-Torna county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia (as Abovskoturnianska župa), as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon. It continued to exist as an administrative unit until 1922. The southern half stayed in Hungary as the county Abaúj-Torna, with capital Szikszó.

Following the provisions of the First Vienna Award, most of the Czechoslovak part was returned to Hungary in November 1938. It was added to the county of Abaúj-Torna, with capital Kassa (present-day Košice). After World War II, the Trianon border was restored and the county was renamed to Abaúj County. In 1950, it merged with the county of Borsod-Gömör and the Hungarian part of Zemplén to form the present Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county. Since 1993, when Czechoslovakia was split, the northern part of the county's former territory has been part of Slovakia's Košice Region.

Demographics
In 1900, the county had a population of 196,462 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:

Total:


 * Hungarian: 140,050 (71.3%)
 * Slovak: 45,072 (22.9%)
 * German: 8,734 (4.5%)
 * Ruthenian: 519 (0.3%)
 * Croatian: 74 (0.0%)
 * Romanian: 60 (0.0%)
 * Serbian: 13 (0.0%)
 * Other or unknown: 1,940 (1.0%)

According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:

Total:


 * Roman Catholic: 113,447 (57.7%)
 * Calvinist: 41,562 (21.2%)
 * Greek Catholic: 20,142 (10.3%)
 * Jewish: 14,069 (7.2%)
 * Lutheran: 7,101 (3.6%)
 * Greek Orthodox: 106 (0.0%)
 * Unitarian: 18 (0.0%)
 * Other or unknown: 17 (0.0%)

In 1910, the county had a population of 202,288 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:

Total:


 * Hungarian: 156,668 (77.5%)
 * Slovak: 36,067 (17.8%)
 * German: 6,520 (3.2%)
 * Ruthenian: 378 (0.2%)
 * Romanian: 127 (0.0%)
 * Croatian: 63 (0.0%)
 * Serbian: 21 (0.0%)
 * Other or unknown: 2,444 (1.2%)

According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:

Total:


 * Roman Catholic: 118,179 (58.4%)
 * Calvinist: 42,728 (21.1%)
 * Greek Catholic: 20,089 (9.9%)
 * Jewish: 14,251 (7.1%)
 * Lutheran: 6,832 (3.4%)
 * Greek Orthodox: 161 (0.0%)
 * Unitarian: 24 (0.0%)
 * Other or unknown: 24 (0.0%)

In 1941: 203,438 Hungarians, 18,879 Slovaks, 2581 Bunjevacs, 904 Germans, 623 Roma, 256 Ruthenians, 72 Romanians, 3 Croatians, 105 other; 140,377 Roman Catholics, 45,384 Protestants, 22,476 Greek Catholics, 14,764 Jewish, 4773 Evangelicals, 339 Greek Orthodox, 116 Baptists and 55 Unitarians.

Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Abaúj-Torna were: The towns Füzér, Szikszó, Gönc and Abaújszántó are now in Hungary.