Adult bar and bat mitzvah

An adult bar/bat mitzvah is a bar or bat mitzvah of a person older than the customary age. Traditionally, a bar or bat mitzvah occurs at age 13 for boys and 12 for girls. Many adult Jews who have never had a bar or bat mitzvah, however, may choose to have one later in life, and many who have had one at the traditional age choose to have a second. An adult bar or bat mitzvah can be held at any age after adulthood is reached and can be performed in a variety of ways.

The adult and child bar/bat mitzvot differ in that the former is planned by the person becoming b' mitzvah and the latter by the child's community, caregiver, and/or parent. Due to it taking place at an advanced stage of life, many relatives who were present at a child's bar/bat mitzvah are often deceased, and the person is often married and/or has children and sometimes grandchildren. Many men have second bar mitzvot at age 83; representing 70 years since their first.

Reasons
There are many reasons adult Jews choose to have a bar or bat mitzvah:
 * Many adult men and women did not have a bat mitzvah as children due to lack of popularity and/or restrictive gender norms.
 * Individuals with learning disabilities that made the process of preparing for their bar or bat mitzvah too difficult during childhood.
 * Adults who have converted to Judaism may want a bar or bat mitzvah.
 * Many non-religious Jews who had little or no Jewish education as children.
 * Those who have had a bar or bat mitzvah as children decide to undergo renewal.
 * Transgender Jews who had a bar or bat mitzvah as their gender assigned at birth may wish to have the other one as an adult using their new gender and name.
 * Many Holocaust survivors didn't have the opportunity to become a bar or bat mitzvah.

History
Rabbi Albert Axelrad of Brandeis University officiated the first adult bar and bat mitzvahs in the early 1970s. He encouraged the practice in all denominations of Judaism.

Between 1995 and 2001, Hadassah held group adult Bat Mitzvah ceremonies for 180 women.

In 2001, the Union for Reform Judaism created a guide on adult bar and bat mitzvah programs which was adopted by 900 congregations. In 2002, the Conservative Movement adopted this guide as well.

Process
The process of becoming a bar or bat mitzvah for adults involves studying for a year or longer. It consists of Hebrew language, Jewish rituals, Torah readings, and Haftorah readings. Many synagogues provide classes for adults.

Notable adult bar and bat mitzvahs
In popular culture, there have been depictions of adult bar mitzvahs on TV shows:
 * Paula Abdul had an adult bat mitzvah in Safed on November 2, 2013, aged 51. She had originally planned to hold it at the Western Wall in Jerusalem but changed her plans due to jet lag and the media circus that would follow.
 * Armand Hammer died on December 11, 1990, on the evening before his planned bar mitzvah, aged 92.
 * In June 2012, actor David Arquette celebrated his bar mitzvah aged 40 at the Kotel.
 * Yisrael Kristal held his bar mitzvah at 113. He was the world's oldest living man at the time.
 * In December 2019, comedian Tiffany Haddish celebrated her bat mitzvah aged 40.
 * Drake had a star-studded re-bar mitzvah for his 31st birthday after his previous bar mitzvah at 13
 * James Franco had a star-studded charity event for his bar mitzvah in October 2015 at the age of 37
 * An episode during the last season of The Dick Van Dyke Show depicts Buddy having his bar mitzvah, having been too poor to have one as a boy.
 * The Simpsons episode "Today I Am a Clown" depicts Krusty the Klown having a bar mitzvah.
 * On an episode of Touched by an Angel, Kirk Douglas played a man who (like Douglas himself) has a second bar mitzvah at the age of 83.