Badnavirus

Badnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 67 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: CSSV: leaf chlorosis, root necrosis, red vein banding in young leaves, small mottled pods, and stem/root swelling followed by die-back. Infection decreases yield by 25% within one year, 50% within two years and usually kills trees within 3–4 years.

Taxonomy
The following species are recognized:


 * Aglaonema bacilliform virus
 * Banana streak GF virus
 * Banana streak IM virus
 * Banana streak MY virus
 * Banana streak OL virus
 * Banana streak UA virus
 * Banana streak UI virus
 * Banana streak UL virus
 * Banana streak UM virus
 * Banana streak VN virus
 * Birch leafroll-associated virus
 * Blackberry virus F
 * Bougainvillea chlorotic vein banding virus
 * Cacao bacilliform Sri Lanka virus
 * Cacao mild mosaic virus
 * Cacao swollen shoot virus
 * Cacao swollen shoot CD virus
 * Cacao swollen shoot CE virus
 * Cacao swollen shoot Ghana M virus
 * Cacao swollen shoot Ghana N virus
 * Cacao swollen shoot Ghana Q virus
 * Cacao swollen shoot Togo A virus
 * Cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus
 * Cacao yellow vein banding virus
 * Camellia lemon glow virus
 * Canna yellow mottle associated virus
 * Canna yellow mottle virus
 * Citrus yellow mosaic virus
 * Codonopsis vein clearing virus
 * Commelina yellow mottle virus
 * Cycad leaf necrosis virus
 * Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus
 * Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus 2
 * Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 1
 * Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 2
 * Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 3
 * Dioscorea bacilliform SN virus
 * Dioscorea bacilliform TR virus
 * Dracaena mottle virus
 * Epiphyllum mottle-associated virus
 * Fig badnavirus 1
 * Gooseberry vein banding associated virus
 * Grapevine badnavirus 1
 * Grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus
 * Grapevine vein clearing virus
 * Green Sichuan pepper vein clearing-associated virus
 * Ivy ringspot-associated virus
 * Jujube mosaic-associated virus
 * Kalanchoe top-spotting virus
 * Mulberry badnavirus 1
 * Pagoda yellow mosaic associated virus
 * Pineapple bacilliform CO virus
 * Pineapple bacilliform ER virus
 * Piper yellow mottle virus
 * Polyscias mosaic virus
 * Rubus yellow net virus
 * Schefflera ringspot virus
 * Spiraea yellow leafspot virus
 * Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe A virus
 * Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe D virus
 * Sugarcane bacilliform IM virus
 * Sugarcane bacilliform MO virus
 * Sweet potato pakakuy virus
 * Taro bacilliform CH virus
 * Taro bacilliform virus
 * Wisteria badnavirus 1
 * Yacon necrotic mottle virus

Structure
Viruses in Badnavirus are non-enveloped, with bacilliform geometries. These viruses are about 30 nm wide and 90-900 nm long. Genomes are circular and non-segmented.

Life cycle
Viral replication is nuclear/cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA-RT transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (cssv: mealybugs). Transmission routes are vector, mechanical, and seed borne.