Baja 1000

The Baja 1000 is an annual Mexican off-road motorsport race held on the Baja California Peninsula. It is one of the most prestigious off-road races in the world, having attracted competitors from six continents. The race was founded by Ed Pearlman in 1967 and is sanctioned by SCORE International. The race is the final round of a four-race annual series, which also includes the San Felipe 250, the Baja 400 and the Baja 500. The 2017 Baja 1000 marked the 50th anniversary of the race.

The Baja 1000 has various types of classes, including Trophy trucks, Dirtbikes, Truggys, Side-by-sides, Baja Bugs and Buggies, all competing at the same time on the same course. The course has remained relatively the same over the years, with about every other event being either a point-to-point race from Ensenada to La Paz or a loop race starting and finishing in Ensenada. The name of the event can be misleading, as the mileage varies for the type of event. A "Loop" can be 600 to 850 miles starting and finishing in Ensenada or "Point to Point", also known as the 900.

1962: The first timed run
When Jack McCormack and Walt Fulton of Honda's American subsidiary decided to hold a long-distance run to prove the reliability of the new Honda CL72 Scrambler motorcycle, they approached well-known off-road motorcycle racer and local Triumph and Honda dealer Bud Ekins for suggestions. Ekins suggested the Tijuana to La Paz route (Federal Highway 1), which was 950 mi of rocks, sand washes, dry lake beds, cattle crossings, and mountain passes, with few paved roads. Ekins declined to undertake the run because of his professional association with Triumph but suggested that his brother Dave Ekins and the son of another Southern California Honda distributor, Billy Robertson Jr., could accomplish the trip for American Honda.

After performing an aerial pre-run over the peninsula in Fulton's Cessna 180, Ekins and Robertson began the journey to La Paz just after midnight on March 22, 1962. While being followed by two journalists in an airplane and using telegraph offices at the Mexican border and in La Paz, Dave Ekins recorded the first official timed run in 39 hours 56 minutes (39:56), with a total distance of 952.7 mi. The event received coverage in the Globe, Argosy, and Cycle World magazines, earning awe and respect for Honda and the Baja run. The Globe and Argosy accounts also included close encounters with death and other dangers, which Ekins claims were "colorful additions".

Four wheels vs two wheels
Wanting to beat the existing motorcycle record and to help fuel sales of the Meyers Manx, Bruce Meyers used his original prototype buggy called "Old Red" for an attempt at breaking the record set by Ekins. After pre-running a course south to La Paz, Ted Mangels and Bruce Meyers started the record-breaking attempt back to Tijuana from La Paz at 10:00 pm on April 19, 1967. With a journalist from Road & Track magazine following the two to witness the attempt, the final official time was 34:45, beating Ekins' run by more than five hours. Upon returning to the United States, the journalist documenting the run sent out press kits with photographs and a news release with the headline "Buggy Beats Bike in Baja" to hundreds of magazines and newspapers. Soon, more stories of adventure, close calls, and broken speed records received media coverage around the world. Following the event, Bruce Meyers and his Meyers Manx became an overnight sensation, and the competition between four wheels and motorcycles for the fastest Baja run began.

In the following months, more attempts at breaking the record would take place. One of the attempts included a multiple vehicle run organized by Ed Pearlman that ended in an official four wheel record being recorded but with the overall time falling short of the record set by Meyers. On July 4, 1967, an American Motors Rambler American sedan would leave Tijuana at 9:00 am to successfully break the record set by Meyers with an overall time of 31 hours.

1967: The Mexican 1000
As the timed runs recorded via telegraph became popular, a need for an organized event to compete for the quickest Baja run was starting to grab the attention of other competitors. In response to Meyers' record setting run, Ed Pearlman convinced Dick Cepek, Claude Dozier, Ed Orr, Drino Miller and journalist John Lawlor to make the run to La Paz. In June 1967, Pearlman and group left Tijuana and immediately ran into mechanical troubles. This trip inspired Pearlman to organize an off-road race down the Baja peninsula by creating the National Off-Road Racing Association (NORRA). After Pete Condos and Pearlman put up the funds to incorporate NORRA, the group announced an official recognition of the previous record setters and created classes that related to the type of vehicle used to break the record. During the later part of summer, NORRA named the event the "Mexican 1000 Rally" and announced the first official race from Tijuana to La Paz was to be held on the peninsula.

The first official race started in Tijuana, Baja California, on October 31, 1967, and was named the NORRA Mexican 1000 Rally. The course length that year was 849 mi and ended in La Paz, with the overall winning time of 27 hours 38 minutes (27:38) set by Vic Wilson and Ted Mangels while driving a Meyers Manx buggy. From 1967 to 1972, the race was organized by NORRA and grew in popularity, with ABC's "Wide World of Sports" sending Jim McKay to cover the 1968 event. It attracted new participants like the late Mickey Thompson, Indy 500 winner Parnelli Jones, movie actor James Garner, and Mary McGee, the first woman to compete in the event. By 1971, major sponsors such as Olympia Brewing Company and Minolta Cameras began to support Parnelli Jones in his Dick Russell-designed and Bill Stroppe-prepared "Big Oly" Bronco and Larry Minor in a similar Stroppe-prepared Bronco.

1973 oil crisis and SCORE
In October 1973, the price for a barrel of crude oil shot up 70% overnight as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) launched the Arab Oil Embargo. With fear that competitors would abandon the idea of competing and stay home, NORRA cancelled the 1974 Baja race–despite assurances from the Federal government run Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) that fuel prices would remain stable–and announced they would instead hold an event in the state of Arizona.

It was at that time in history that Baja California governor Milton Castellanos handed over sanctioning of the event to a non-profit Mexican corporation called the "Baja Sports Committee" (BSC). BSC renamed the event the "Baja Mil" (Baja 1000) and scheduled the race to run on the original dates chosen by NORRA. Though NORRA held a competing event in the United States that same weekend, BSC successfully ran the race from Ensenada to La Paz as in years prior. Unaware of the challenges, BSC found promoting Baja races more difficult than anticipated.

Instead of giving up the race, the Mexican government requested help from SCORE International in hosting and promoting future Baja races. Through negotiations with Mickey Thompson and his SCORE organization, the Government agreed to give exclusive rights to SCORE to hold Baja races and also reluctantly allowed SCORE to cancel the event for 1974 (a year where motorsport was curtailed in the United States because of the oil crisis). SCORE hired Sal Fish as president and took control of the Baja 1000 from that year on with the Baja 1000 race resuming under new control in 1975.

The 1979 race was notable for Walker Evans’ overall win in a Dodge truck, the first truck to win the overall title of the race. In 2012, the racing organization was purchased by Roger Norman and continues to run under his presidency.



Vehicles
The Baja 1000 is open to entrants competing in several classes, ranging from dirt bikes, ATVs, side-by-sides, buggies, truggy and custom fabricated race vehicles. Race teams range from factory-supported groups that build custom fabricated vehicles and provide chase vehicles via helicopter to much smaller and less glamorous sportsman teams competing in all-stock vehicles with no chase vehicle support. Stock Volkswagen Type One Beetles modified for use in off-road terrain, known as Baja Bugs, have been a common sight throughout the event duration, but the factory-supported, all-spaceframe Trophy Truck entries are the most visible.

In contrast to the current factory EX supported modern race vehicles that tend to dominate the car and truck classes, Erik Carlsson drove a basically stock front wheel drive Saab 96 V4, finishing third in 1969 and fifth in 1970.

Baja course

 * Point-to-point: A point-to-point race is one that starts and ends in two different locations. The start is traditionally held in Ensenada but has been held in Tijuana and Mexicali as well. The course length varies for a point to point but is often over 1000 mi and ends in La Paz.
 * Loop race: A loop race is one that starts and finishes in the same location. Traditionally the race starts and ends in Ensenada but has started/finished in Mexicali as well. The course length varies from 600 to 850 miles, depending on the course route.

Qualifying
The starting order is generally determined by a random draw, except when preferential starts are given to those who finished in top positions in the previous race/season, or when qualifying is held. For Trophy Trucks & Class 1 vehicles, qualifying for the Baja 1000 is now held during SEMA at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway.

In popular culture

 * In the film Timerider (1982), the hero Swann is competing in the Baja 1000 when he inadvertently stumbles on to a time warp experiment and is sent back to the Old West in the 1870s.
 * The documentary Dust to Glory (2005) follows contestants of the Baja 1000.
 * The follow-up documentary to Dust to Glory, Dust 2 Glory, follows contestants over the 2016 season before being released in time for the 50th anniversary Baja 1000 in 2016.
 * Baja: Edge of Control is a 2008 video game about the Baja 1000 developed by 2XL Games and published by THQ for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.
 * SCORE International Baja 1000, known in Europe as SCORE International Baja 1000: World Championship Off Road Racing, is a video game developed by Left Field Productions and published by Activision in 2008. It was released for PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Wii, and Xbox 360. The game received poor reviews for all versions.
 * The documentary Into the Dust (2017) follows 2 racers, Larry Janesky and his son Tanner Janesky, who compete in the Baja 1000: two men, one bike, 25+ hours of relentless battle against fatigue, sleep deprivation, and the elements. The conditions of this competition are so harsh that only half of the teams make it to the finish.
 * The follow-up documentaries to the original Into the Dust—Into the Dust 2,3,4—showcase a first-person perspective from the actual Baja course, the peaks and valleys of what it means to experience Baja. Competitor Larry Janesky returns with determination, grit, and something he didn't have before- experience. All 4 videos are available to stream on YouTube.

Overall winners
** Officially the race was called the Baja 2000 (1726 miles) for the year 2000.

Most overall car wins

 * 6: Rob MacCachren and Andy McMillin
 * 5: Mark McMillin and Larry Ragland
 * 4: Larry Roeseler
 * 3: David Ashley, Doug Fortin, Robby Gordon, Luke McMillin, Ralph Paxton, Dan Smith, Malcolm Smith and Ivan Stewart

Most overall motorcycle wins

 * 11: Johnny Campbell
 * 10: Larry Roeseler
 * 8: Steve Hengeveld and Kendall Norman
 * 7: Mark Samuels
 * 6: Justin Morgan
 * 5: Ty Davis
 * 4: Quinn Cody, Ted Hunnicutt Jr., Jack Johnson, Justin Jones, David Kamo, Tim Staab and Colton Udall

Other notable drivers

 * Alan Ampudia
 * BJ Baldwin
 * Ron Bishop
 * Ken Block
 * Pete Brock
 * Jenson Button
 * Erik Carlsson
 * Kurt Caselli
 * Anna Jo Cody
 * Marc Coma
 * Justin Davis
 * Chuck Dempsey
 * Patrick Dempsey
 * Walker Evans
 * Andrew "Freddie" Flintoff
 * Elliot Forbes-Robinson
 * Tanner Foust
 * James Garner
 * Brendan Gaughan
 * Tony Gera
 * Bob Gordon
 * Beccy Gordon
 * Mike Groff
 * Robbie Groff
 * Roberto Guerrero
 * Rod Hall
 * Chris Harris
 * Riley Herbst
 * Troy Herbst
 * Larry Janesky
 * Tanner Janesky
 * Jimmie Johnson
 * Ricky Johnson
 * Austin Jones
 * Parnelli Jones
 * P. J. Jones
 * Michel Jourdain Jr.
 * Michel Jourdain Sr.
 * Danny LaPorte
 * Justin Lofton
 * Apdaly Lopez
 * Kristen Matlock
 * Hiro Matsushita
 * Mike "Mouse" McCoy
 * Mary McGee
 * Hershel McGriff
 * Corky McMillin
 * Steve McQueen
 * Chad McQueen
 * Casey Mears
 * Rick Mears
 * Roger Mears
 * Bryce Menzies
 * Rhys Millen
 * Rod Millen
 * John Morton
 * Michael Nesmith
 * Paul Newman
 * Gunnar Nilsson
 * Bruce Ogilvie
 * Danny Ongais
 * Cody Parkhouse
 * Travis Pastrana
 * Robbie Pierce
 * Christopher Polvoorde
 * Toby Price
 * Jeff Proctor
 * Don Prudhomme
 * J.N. Roberts
 * Alexander Rossi
 * Armin Schwarz
 * Jim Smith
 * Eric Solorzano
 * Cameron Steele
 * Danny Sullivan
 * Mickey Thompson
 * Jūgatsu Toi
 * Johnny Unser
 * Jimmy Vasser
 * Frank "Scoop" Vessels
 * Gus Vildósola
 * Tavo Vildósola
 * Paul Weel

Four-Wheelers

 * SCORE Trophy Truck: Open Production Unlimited Trucks.
 * SCORE Trophy Truck Spec: Open Production stock engine Trucks.
 * SCORE Class 1: Unlimited open-wheel single-or two-seaters.
 * SCORE Class 1/2-1600: open-wheel single-or two-seaters to 1600cc.
 * SCORE Class 2: Unlimited 2.2-liter buggy.
 * SCORE Class 3: Short wheelbase 4x4.
 * SCORE Class 4: Unlimited 2.2-liter open wheel.
 * SCORE Class 5: Unlimited Baja Bugs.
 * SCORE Class 5-1600: 1600cc Baja Bugs.
 * SCORE Class 6: V6 powered tube chassis trucks
 * SCORE Class 7: Open mini trucks.
 * SCORE Class 7S: Stock mini trucks. (3000cc)
 * SCORE Class 7SX: Modified mini trucks. (4000cc)
 * SCORE Class 8: Full-sized two-wheel drive trucks.
 * SCORE Class 9: Short wheelbase, open-wheel single- or two-seaters.
 * SCORE Class 10: Open-wheel single or two-seaters to 2000cc.
 * SCORE Class 11: Stock VW Sedans.
 * SCORE Lites Class 12: VW limited open-wheel single-(1776cc) or two-seaters(1835cc).
 * SCORE Class 17: Jeepspeed
 * SCORE Stock Full: Stock full-sized trucks.
 * SCORE Stock Mini: Stock mini trucks. (4300cc)
 * SCORE Class M-Truck: Utility vehicle
 * SCORE Baja Challenge: Limited, identical open-wheel Baja touring cars.
 * SCORE Sportsman Buggy:
 * SCORE Sportsman Truck:
 * SCORE Sportsman UTV:
 * ProTruck: Limited Production Trucks governed by the Baja ProTruck Off-Road Race Series

Motorcycles

 * SCORE Class 20: 125cc or smaller two-stroke and 250cc or smaller four-stroke motorcycles.
 * SCORE Class 21: 126cc to 250cc.
 * SCORE Class 22: 250cc or more.
 * SCORE Class 30: Riders over 30 years old.
 * SCORE Class 40: Riders over 40 years old.
 * SCORE Class 50: Riders over 50 years old.
 * SCORE Class 60: Riders over 65 years old.
 * SCORE Sportsman MC > 250cc: Sportsman riders 250cc (2-stroke) or 450cc (4-stroke) or greater.
 * SCORE Sportsman MC < 250cc: Sportsman riders 250cc (2-stroke) or 450cc (4-stroke) or less.

ATVs

 * SCORE Class 21: Honda.
 * SCORE Class 25: 251cc or more.