Belledune

Belledune is a port village in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It has a population of 1,325, and straddles the boundary between Restigouche County and Gloucester County, New Brunswick.

The community of Belledune was created through the amalgamation of Jacquet River, Armstrong Brook, and Belledune in 1994. The community dubbed itself a "Supervillage" after this amalgamation. Belledune's population meets the requirements as a "Town" under the Municipalities Act of the Province of New Brunswick, but it has not requested a change in municipal status and therefore remains as a village.

Belledune is one of the few municipalities not significantly affected by the province's 2023 local governance reforms.

History
The village, "Big Dune", was first settled by François Joseph Guittard around 1815, with a land grant approval in 1825 for two lots of land of 200 acres each.

Guittard was born in Fauxbourg, St. Antoine, France, around 1774, and after fighting in Napoleon's army, he defected to the British Army. He and his wife Marie LeFilatre emigrated to Canada, and after a brief settling in Rivière-Ouelle, Quebec, they resettled in New Brunswick, where the promise of a land grant became a possibility. Guittard had also worked as a navigator, having helped map the New Brunswick coastline with the British military.

Settlers from the Miramichi Valley moved towards Belledune after the 1825 Great Miramichi Fire.

Economy
Belledune underwent unprecedented development during the 1960s when under the premiership of Louis Robichaud a major regional port was built to service various industries on the north shore of New Brunswick.

The first major industrial projects at the port included in 1966 a lead and zinc smelter, formerly Brunswick Mining and Smelting Corporation, but now owned by Glencore with a nominal production of 120,000 tonnes per year. built in support of the lead and zinc mines opened south of Bathurst during the 1950s in the Bathurst Mining Camp. A $30 million venture at the time, the smelter has managed to extract silver from its imported silver lead concentrates, and in 2011 produced 400mt of pure silver valued at 448M$; the company proposes to increase its silver production to 700mt. The current permit to operate is file number I-7107.

NB Power opened the Belledune Generating Station, a coal-fired thermal generating station, at the port in 1993.

The announcement of the closure of the Glencore smelter was issued in late 2019. At that time, the company workforce was on strike. The site decommissioning will continue to 2028.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Belledune had a population of $1,325$ living in $688$ of its $782$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $1,417$. With a land area of 189.18 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.