BharOS

BharOS (formerly IndOS ) is a closed source mobile operating system designed by IIT Madras. It is an Indian government-funded project to develop an operating system (OS) for use in government and public systems.

History
Google is facing a crackdown from the Competition Commission of India (CCI) for its practices pertaining to Android. There have been several demands for the need for an Indian app store that does not levy exorbitant fees for sales. BharOS aims to reduce India's dependence on foreign-made operating systems in smartphones and promote the use of India-made technology. It was developed by JandK Operations Private Limited (JandKops), which was incubated at IIT Madras. The minister for telecommunications and information technology Ashwini Vaishnaw and education minister Dharmendra Pradhan launched the operating system in a public event.

Features
BharOS targets security-conscious groups. BharOS does not come with any preinstalled services or apps. This approach gives the user more freedom and control over the permissions that are available to apps on their device. Users can choose to grant permissions only to apps that they require to access certain features or data on their device. The software can be installed on commercially available handsets, providing users with a secure environment, the company stated in a statement. The new operating system will provide access to trusted apps via organisation-specific Private App Store Services (PASS), which is a list of curated apps that meet security and privacy standards.

At a panel discussion, Karthik Ayyar, the Director of JandKops, indicated that only applicable security updates will be applied to BharOS devices in closed group networks

Criticism
Divya Bhati writing for India Today noted that instructions on downloading, installing BharOS on compatible devices, or plans for new devices, or its support for security and software updates were scant. In September 2023, a fork of GrapheneOS containing references to BharOS was made public on GitHub. Although the Github Profile of Sadhasiva, which hosted the code has since been deleted, it can be viewed through unofficial forks by archival websites. Through a tweet, IITM Pravartak Technologies Foundation identified the code to have originated from Megam Solutions, a Chennai-based software company which was not connected with JandKops. However, IITM Pravartak Technologies Foundation is a client of Megam Solutions. In a subsequent tweet, the organization highlighted communications with the CEO of Megam Solutions, that the name BharOS was unintentionally used.

Ayyar, stated that the operating system would remain closed source software due to "organizational reasons". Ayyar indicated that he did not have the authority to make decisions regarding whether BharOS's source code would be open or closed. Ayyar confirmed that BharOS is based on AOSP