Blossfeldia

Blossfeldia is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) containing only one species, Blossfeldia liliputana, native to South America in northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca and Mendoza Provinces) and southern Bolivia (Santa Cruz and Potosí Departments). It grows at 1,200–3,500 m altitude in the Andes, typically growing in rock crevices, and often close to waterfalls.

Description
It is of note as the smallest cactus species in the world, with a mature size of around 10–12 mm diameter, solitary or with many dark green stems forming colonies in the fissures of the rocks, it does not have ribs or tubercles, nor spines. The flowers are white or rarely pink, 6–15 mm long and 5–7 mm diameter.

The genus Blossfeldia has been divided into many separate species; however most morphological evidence supports that the genus is monotypic, and contains only Blossfeldia liliputiana. The flowers emerge from the apex of the stem, 0.5 to 1 cm long and 0.5 cm in diameter, white. They self-pollinate. The fruit is globose, red and woolly with very small brown seeds.

The species is named after the fictional country of Lilliput, where all of the inhabitants are minute.

Taxonomy
The genus and species were first described in 1937 by Erich Werdermann after being discovered in northern Argentina by Harry Blossfeld and Oreste Marsoner while exploring northern Argentina in 1936. The genus name honors Blossfeld. Blossfeldia liliputiana has several features making it unique among cacti, including a very small number of stomata, the absence of a thickened cuticle, and hairy seeds with an aril. It is placed in the subfamily Cactoideae, and traditionally in the tribe Notocacteae. However, molecular phylogenetic studies have repeatedly shown that it is sister to the remaining members of the subfamily, and well removed from other genera placed in the Notocacteae:

Nyffeler and Eggli, in their 2010 classification of Cactaceae, accepted tribe Blossfeldieae as outlined by Crozier, within Cactoideae. Earlier, Blossfeldia was considered as a distinct genus within the tribe Notocacteae; it had even been placed in an entirely separate subfamily, Blossfeldioideae.

A nomenclature synonym is Parodia liliputana (Werderm.) N.P.Taylor (1987).