Bosch–Boonstra–Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome

Bosch–Boonstra–Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome is a rare autosomally inherited condition characterised by developmental delay, intellectual disability and decreased visual acuity.

Presentation
All patients described have suffered from developmental delay, intellectual disability (intelligence quotient range 48–74) and decreased visual acuity. Ocular abnormalities include small discs, pale discs, disc excavation, strabismus and latent nystagmus.

Other features of this condition are somewhat variable and include:
 * Facial indicators
 * Protruding ears
 * Helical anomalies
 * Small nasal ridge
 * High nasal bridge
 * Upturned nose
 * Epicanthal folds
 * Upslanting palpebral fissures
 * Skeletal indicators
 * Tapering fingers
 * Hypotonia

Genetics
This condition is caused by mutations in the NR2F1 gene. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q15) and encodes a protein that acts as a nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator. The syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.

Management
There is no curative treatment known at present for his condition. Management is supportive.

Epidemiology
This condition is considered to be rare with fewer than 50 cases described in the modern literature.

History
This condition was first described in 2014.