Buthacus

Buthacus is a genus of scorpion of the family Buthidae. It is distributed across northern and western Africa, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.

Taxonomy
The genus was introduced in 1908 by A.A. Birula, originally as a subgenus of the genus Buthus. It was elevated to genus rank by M. Vachon in 1949.

Diversity
Species of Buthacus are very similar to each other and have been considered subspecies in some examples. At least 22 species are known, some of them are disputed:


 * Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885)
 * Buthacus birulai Lourenço, 2006
 * Buthacus buettikeri Hendrixson, 2006
 * Buthacus calviceps (Pocock, 1900)
 * Buthacus clevai Lourenço, 2001
 * Buthacus ehrenbergi Kovařík, 2005
 * Buthacus foleyi Vachon, 1949
 * Buthacus huberi Lourenço, 2001
 * Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829) (Also Known As "Egyptian green scorpion ")
 * Buthacus macrocentrus (Ehrenberg, 1828)
 * Buthacus mahraouii Lourenço, 2004
 * Buthacus maliensis Lourenço & Qi, 2007
 * Buthacus nigerianus Lourenço & Qi, 2006
 * Buthacus nigroaculeatus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973
 * Buthacus occidentalis Lourenço, 2000
 * Buthacus pakistanensis Lourenço & Qi, 2006
 * Buthacus spatzi (Birula, 1911)
 * Buthacus striffleri Lourenço, 2004
 * Buthacus villiersi Vachon, 1949
 * Buthacus williamsi Lourenço & Leguin, 2009
 * Buthacus ziegleri Lourenço, 2000

General characteristics
Small to moderately sized scorpions (40–75 mm). Most species are yellow, some are brownish, yellow-grayish or yellow-greenish colored. They show a rather slim habitus with long walking legs and a slender metasoma; pedipalp chelae very gracile and elongate. Cephalothorax smooth or with very weak carinae.

Toxicity
As in other buthids the venom in at least some species of Buthacus is relatively potent and can be of medical importance to humans.

Habitat
Most species live in arid, rocky and sandy desert habitats, some in semi-arid steppe environments. As most other scorpions they shelter from daylight in rock crevices or burrows.