Canyon canastero

The canyon canastero (Asthenes pudibunda) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Chile and Peru.

Taxonomy and systematics
The canyon canastero has three subspecies, the nominate A. p. pudibunda (Sclater, 1874), A. p. neglecta (Cory, 1916), and A. p. grisior (Koepcke, M., 1961). Some authors have treated the rusty-fronted canastero (A. ottonis) and maquis canastero (A. heterura) as subspecies of the canyon canastero and others have treated the three as a superspecies. However, genetic data show that the canyon canastero is most closely related to the Vilcabamba thistletail (A. vilcabambae).

Description
The canyon canastero is 15 to 17 cm long and weighs 13 to 17 g. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a thin buff supercilium and dark brownish lores on an otherwise gray-brown face. Their crown is warm dark brown and their back and rump a slightly paler brown. Their wings are dull reddish brown. Their uppertail coverts are chestnut-rufous and their tail a more rufous brown than the back. Their chin and upper throat are pale tawny-orange, their lower throat and upper breast light gray-brown with faint paler streaks, their lower breast and belly unstreaked pale gray-brown, and their flanks and undertail coverts dull rufescent brown. Their iris is brown, their maxilla black to dark horn, their mandible gray to pinkish horn with a blackish tip, and their legs and feet gray to blackish. Juveniles' chin and throat are light gray-brown, their breast has faint dark bars, and their underparts have a brownish wash. Subspecies A. p. neglecta has a darker back than the nominate, a more chestnut chin and throat, and darker and browner underparts. A. p. grisior is paler than the nominate with slightly grayer underparts and slightly less rufescent flanks.

Distribution and habitat
The canyon canastero is a bird of the western slope of the Andes. Subspecies A. p. neglecta is the northernmost; it is found in the northwestern Peruvian departments of La Libertad and Ancash. The nominate subspecies is found in the western Peruvian Department of Lima. A. p. grisior is found from the Department of Huancavelica in southwestern Peru south into Chile as far as the Tarapacá Region. The species primarily inhabits rocky areas in arid montane scrublands, often in ravines, and occasionally occurs in Polylepis woodland. In elevation it mostly ranges between 2400 and 3700 m but is found as high as 4000 m.

Movement
The canyon canastero is a year-round resident throughout its range.

Feeding
The canyon canastero feeds on arthropods. It usually forages singly or in pairs, gleaning prey from low branches and the ground, usually in areas shaded by rocks or bushes.

Breeding
The canyon canastero's breeding season has not been definded but includes May. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.

Vocalization
The canyon canastero's song is "a loud, accelerating trill with a few introductory notes". Its call is a repeated "kee-whit".

Status
The IUCN has assessed the canyon canastero as being of Least Concern. It has a fairly large range and an unknown population size that is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered uncommon to fairly common. "Much of its habitat is subject to at least moderate grazing."