Caquins of Brittany

The Caquins of Brittany, (also Cacous Kakouz, Caqueux, Caquets, and Caquous) were groups of inhabitants who worked as coopers and ropemakers, subjected to exclusion in their villages located in Brittany, between the thirteenth century and modern times.

It is believed that the exclusion of the Caquins was based on the fear of leprosy, where Caquin rope makers were believed to be descendants of lepers and could spread leprosy. This potential leprous origin as well as their treatment, until the eighteenth century, mean they are often compared to the Cagots of southwestern France and northern Spain, or the crétins des Alpes of the Swiss Alps, there is however no mention of physical or mental particularities specific to the Caquins.

Legal restrictions
The Caquins were subjected to a variety of laws restricting their actions in society, this included restricting what work they could undertake, any while they could own land they were prohibited from building.

On 12 February 1425, John V, Duke of Brittany in his constitutions forbade the Caquins to engage in trade and demanded their separation from others. However, on 16 April 1447, the duke allowed the Caquins to take leased land in the bishopric of Vannes, as well as elsewhere. On 18 December 1456, Peter II, Duke of Brittany, issued a long ordinance on fouages (the tax paid by each feu), where he declared that the Caquins were exempted from this tax.

There were also various religious restrictions imposed on the Caquins, such as having to enter churches through special doors separate from other congregants.