Carl Weiss

Carl Austin Weiss Sr. (December 6, 1906 – September 8, 1935) was an American physician who assassinated U.S. Senator Huey Long at the Louisiana State Capitol on September 8, 1935.

Career
Weiss was born in Baton Rouge to physician Carl Adam Weiss and the former Viola Maine. Weiss's father was a prominent ophthalmologist who had once treated Senator Long. He grew up in a Roman Catholic household; his father was of German descent and attended a Jesuit College in New Orleans, his paternal grandfather was an organist and choirmaster in Bavaria before he emigrated to Louisiana in 1870. His mother had French and Irish ancestry. Both of Weiss' parents were Roman Catholic, although he may have had some Jewish ancestry through his paternal grandfather. However, despite the conspiracy theories promoted by the antisemitic preacher and Huey Long ally, Gerald L. K. Smith, after Long's death, there is no evidence that his family remained religiously Jewish. Weiss was educated in local schools and graduated from St. Vincent's Academy, a Catholic school. Growing up, Weiss had an interest in electricity and mechanics. He once tampered with the lock at the pew of his downtown church, locking his mother and two aunts inside. Initially, he studied engineering at University, his father having discouraged a career as a doctor due to its time commitments; he often went to the early 5:15 a.m. mass in case of a later medical emergency. However, after two years, Weiss switched to studying medicine, obtaining his bachelor's degree in 1925 from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. He did postgraduate work in Vienna, Austria, and briefly practiced at the American Hospital of Paris.

Weiss thereafter was awarded internships in Vienna and at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. It was while in Europe that Weiss bought a FN Model 1910 pistol for $25 (equivalent to approximately $0 in ) that he allegedly used in the Long assassination.

In 1932, he returned to Baton Rouge to enter private practice with his father. He was president of the Louisiana Medical Society in 1933 and a member of the Kiwanis International.

Murder of Huey Long
On September 8, 1935, Carl Weiss confronted and shot Huey Long in the Capitol building in Baton Rouge. At 9:20 p.m., just after passage of a bill reconfiguring the district of Weiss's father-in-law, Judge Benjamin Henry Pavy, to deny him reelection, Weiss approached Long. According to the generally accepted version of events, Weiss fired a single shot with a handgun from four feet (1.2 m) away. Long was struck in the torso. Long's bodyguards, nicknamed the "Cossacks" or "skullcrushers", responded by firing at Weiss with their own pistols, killing him; an autopsy found that Weiss had been shot more than 60 times by Long's bodyguards.

Alternative theories and denials of the assassination
As both Long and Weiss died before a trial could be held, the claim that Weiss was Long's assassin was never proven in court. Additionally, no autopsy was ever performed on Long. In the years since the event, theories have arisen that Weiss did not actually murder Senator Long; with some speculating that Long was, in fact, killed by a stray bullet fired from the gun of one of his bodyguards.

Family denials
At the time, Weiss's wife and their families did not accept his guilt. Indeed, Weiss's parents indicated that he had seemed quite happy earlier on the day that Long was killed. Many people close to the family, as well as politicians of the time, doubted the official version of the shooting.

Weiss's son, Carl Jr., an infant at the time of his father's death, had since vigorously disputed the assertion that his father killed Long. In a 1993 interview on the NBC program Unsolved Mysteries, he asserted that Long was accidentally shot by one of his own bodyguards. Donald Pavy, a medical doctor and first cousin of Weiss's wife Yvonne Pavy, conducted a scientific study of the case and concluded in his book Accident and Deception: The Huey Long Shooting that Weiss did not shoot the governor-turned-senator.

However, this view is not accepted by Louisiana State University Professor T. Harry Williams, who writes in his 1969 Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Long: "The suggestion that Huey might have been hit by a wild shot or a ricochet from the guns of the guards had been advanced previously by various individuals, but no one had taken it very seriously, for unless all the witnesses to the event were lying or mistaken, only four shots had been fired while Huey was still in the corridor, the two from Weiss's pistol that struck Huey and Roden's wristwatch, respectively, and the two from the revolvers of Roden and Coleman that dropped Weiss. By the time the other guards had got their guns out and started to fire Huey had run from the scene. But when the suggestion had been made publicly, various people wanted to believe it — members of Weiss' family and anti-politicians, naturally; and persons of the type who sense mystery in any murder case, the kind of people who have created doubts about some of the other great American assassinations."

Williams then goes on to say that: "...the Myth (Meaning the theory that Weiss was not the killer)... is wrong — unless it is assumed that the various witnesses to the event who had testified at the time collaborated in creating a gigantic lie and then with remarkable fidelity repeated the lie in detail to later investigators."

Exhumation
With the approval of the family, the remains of Weiss were exhumed in 1991 and examined by James Starrs to attempt to determine if Weiss was the actual killer of Long. Starrs was also the publisher of the Scientific Sleuthing Review.

Portrayal in literature
The character of Adam Stanton in Robert Penn Warren's fictitious All the King's Men is partially based on Weiss.

In her 1993 memoir, Marguerite Young mentions the murder of Huey Long and how she used to dance with Weiss as a college girl at Louisiana State University.

Dubious connection to Ernest Hemingway
Nobel laureate Ernest Hemingway suffered a severe gash to his forehead when a skylight fell on him in March 1928 in his Paris apartment. He was treated at the American Hospital of Paris, and it took nine stitches to suture his head wound. He was left with a permanent, prominent scar on his forehead.

Later in life, Hemingway claimed that the physician who treated him was Carl Weiss. However, Hemingway was almost certainly mistaken, as Weiss did not start practicing at the hospital until July 1929, sixteen months after Hemingway was treated for his head wound.