Cessna T-41 Mescalero

The Cessna T-41 Mescalero is a military version of the popular Cessna 172, operated by the United States Air Force and Army, as well as the armed forces of various other countries as a pilot-training aircraft.

Design and development
In 1964, the US Air Force (USAF) decided to use the commercial off-the-shelf Cessna 172F as a lead-in aircraft for student pilots rather than starting them out in the T-37 jet aircraft. The USAF ordered 237 T-41As from Cessna. The first USAF class (67-A) of students began training on the T-41 from the civilian airport in Big Spring, Texas, in August 1965.

The T-41B was the US Army version, with a 210 hp Continental IO-360 engine and constant-speed propeller in place of the 145 hp Continental O-300 and 7654 fixed-pitch propeller used in the 172 and the T-41A.

In 1968, the USAF acquired 52 of the more powerful T-41Cs, which used 210 hp Continental IO-360 and a fixed-pitch climb propeller, for use at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs.

In 1996, the aircraft were further upgraded to the T-41D, which included an upgrade in avionics and to a constant-speed propeller.

Beginning in 1993, the USAF replaced many of the T-41 fleet with the Slingsby T-3A Firefly for the flight-screening role, and for aerobatic training, which was outside the design capabilities of the T-41. The T-3A fleet was indefinitely grounded in 1997 and scrapped in 2006 following a series of fatal accidents at the US Air Force Academy.

The USAF now trains all its prospective pilots and combat systems officers through a civilian contract with DOSS Aviation known as initial military flight screening, which makes use of the Diamond DA20. This program is conducted for USAF line officer accession programs (e.g., USAFA, AFROTC, and OTS), with said training taking place after these officers have been commissioned as second lieutenants. It is also conducted for USAF officers at the first lieutenant and captain level selected for flight training after an assignment as a non-aeronautically rated officer.

Four T-41s remain at the Air Force Academy for the USAFA Flying Team, as well as to support certain academic classes.

A number of air forces, including Saudi Arabia and Singapore, purchased various civilian models of the Cessna 172 for use in military training, transport, and liaison roles. While similar to the T-41, these aircraft were not T-41s and were powered by the standard 172 powerplants available in the model year purchased. These included the 145 hp Continental O-300 in pre-1968 aircraft and the 150 and 160 hp Lycoming O-320 in later 172s.

Variants
With the exception of the T-41A, most variants of the T-41 were certified under the Cessna 175 Skylark type certification.
 * T-41A
 * United States Air Force version of the Cessna 172F, 172G, and 172H for undergraduate pilot training, powered by 145 hp Continental O-300. 230 built; 170 (172F), 26 (172G), and 34 (172H).


 * T-41B
 * United States Army version powered by a fuel-injected 210 hp Continental IO-360-D or -DE driving a constant-speed propeller and featuring a 28V electrical system, jettisonable doors, an openable right front window, a 6.00x6 nose wheel tire, and military avionics. The baggage door was removed.  255 built (all Model R172E).


 * T-41C
 * USAF Academy version with a 14V electrical system, fixed-pitch propeller, civilian avionics, and only the two front seats. 52 total built; 45 as the R172E and 7 as the R172F.


 * T-41D
 * Military Aid Program version with 28V electrical system, four seats, corrosion-proofing, reinforced flaps and ailerons, a baggage door, and provisions for wing-mounted pylons. 299 total built; 34 as the R172E, 74 as the R172F, 28 as the R172G, and 163 as the R172H (with extended tail fillet).    First T-41D delivered to the Philippine Air Force in 1968

Operators



 * Angolan Air Force (5× Cessna 172 in service)
 * Argentine Army Aviation (10× T-41D in service)
 * Bolivian Air Force
 * Chilean Air Force (10× T-41D, already retired)
 * Colombian Air Force (30× T-41D) - retired
 * Dominican Air Force (10× T-41D / R172),
 * Ecuadorian Air Force (8× T-41A, 12× T-41D)
 * Salvadoran Air Force
 * Hellenic Air Force (T-41A, 21× T-41D, retired )
 * Honduran Air Force (3× T-41B and 6× T-41D, retired)
 * Indonesian Air Force (55× T-41D)
 * Imperial Iranian Air Force (T-41D)
 * Khmer Republic
 * Khmer Air Force (22× T-41D).
 * Kingdom of Laos
 * Royal Lao Air Force (T-41B, T-41D)
 * Armed Forces of Liberia (T-41D)
 * Pakistani Air Force (T-41D)
 * Paraguayan Air Force (5× T-41B, retired)
 * Peruvian Air Force (25× T-41A
 * $\phi$
 * Philippine Air Force (20× T-41D)
 * Republic of Korea Air Force (15× T-41D)
 * South Vietnam
 * Republic of Vietnam Air Force (22× T-41D, no longer in service)
 * Royal Thai Air Force (6× T-41D)
 * Royal Thai Army (6× T-41B)
 * Turkish Air Force (30× T-41D)
 * Turkish Land Forces (25× T-41D)
 * United States Army (255× T-41B)
 * United States Air Force (211× T-41A and 52× T-41C)
 * Jacksonville Navy Flying Club/NAS Jacksonville, Florida - 2 x T-41A, 1 x T-41B (two currently airworthy)
 * Kirtland AFB Aeroclub/Kirtland AFB, New Mexico - 5 x T-41C (all 5 currently airworthy)
 * Patuxent River Navy Flying Club/NAS Patuxent River, Maryland - 3 x T-41C (1 currently airworthy)
 * Eglin AFB Aeroclub/Eglin AFB, FL - 2 x T-41A, 1 x T-41B (1 T-41A and 1 T-41B currently airworthy)
 * Travis AFB Aero Club/Travis AFB, CA - 1 x T-41C (currently airworthy)
 * Dover AFB Aero Club/Dover AFB, DE - 2 x T-41A, 1x T-41C (currently airworthy)
 * Uruguayan Air Force (7× T-41D)
 * Republic of Korea Air Force (15× T-41D)
 * South Vietnam
 * Republic of Vietnam Air Force (22× T-41D, no longer in service)
 * Royal Thai Air Force (6× T-41D)
 * Royal Thai Army (6× T-41B)
 * Turkish Air Force (30× T-41D)
 * Turkish Land Forces (25× T-41D)
 * United States Army (255× T-41B)
 * United States Air Force (211× T-41A and 52× T-41C)
 * Jacksonville Navy Flying Club/NAS Jacksonville, Florida - 2 x T-41A, 1 x T-41B (two currently airworthy)
 * Kirtland AFB Aeroclub/Kirtland AFB, New Mexico - 5 x T-41C (all 5 currently airworthy)
 * Patuxent River Navy Flying Club/NAS Patuxent River, Maryland - 3 x T-41C (1 currently airworthy)
 * Eglin AFB Aeroclub/Eglin AFB, FL - 2 x T-41A, 1 x T-41B (1 T-41A and 1 T-41B currently airworthy)
 * Travis AFB Aero Club/Travis AFB, CA - 1 x T-41C (currently airworthy)
 * Dover AFB Aero Club/Dover AFB, DE - 2 x T-41A, 1x T-41C (currently airworthy)
 * Uruguayan Air Force (7× T-41D)
 * Eglin AFB Aeroclub/Eglin AFB, FL - 2 x T-41A, 1 x T-41B (1 T-41A and 1 T-41B currently airworthy)
 * Travis AFB Aero Club/Travis AFB, CA - 1 x T-41C (currently airworthy)
 * Dover AFB Aero Club/Dover AFB, DE - 2 x T-41A, 1x T-41C (currently airworthy)
 * Uruguayan Air Force (7× T-41D)
 * Uruguayan Air Force (7× T-41D)

Aircraft on display

 * United States
 * 65-5168 – T-41A on static display in the airpark at Vance Air Force Base in Enid, Oklahoma.
 * 65-5226 – T-41 on static display at Randolph Air Force Base, Universal City, Texas. It is on display in park area adjacent to Randolph Inn Visiting Officers Quarters (VOQ) / Distinguished Visiting Officers Quarters (DVOQ) along with other historical ATC and AETC aircraft.
 * 65-5251 – T-41A on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. This aircraft was previously assigned to the United States Air Force Academy inventory.
 * 67-14977 – T-41A on static display as part of the Officer Training School complex at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama.