Chang Yŏn-u

Chang Yŏn-u (? – January 5, 1016) was a Korean civil official who served the Goryeo dynasty. He fought in the second conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War.

Biography
Chang Yŏn-u was the son of Chang Yu, of the Heungdeok Chang clan. Chang Yu worked in the Department of Visiting Guests, during the reign of King Gwangjong. Chang Yŏn-u is thought to have been born around the time of the reign of Gwangjong.

In 1010, Chang Yŏn-u was serving as the deputy minister of War when he was appointed as the haengyŏng tot'ongbusa  of the 300 thousand strong Goryeo army led by Kang Cho sent to defend against the invading Khitans. The Goryeo army was defeated near Tongju by the Khitans, with Kang being captured and later killed. Chang survived the battle and fled southwards with King Hyeonjong to Naju in 1011. He was appointed as p'anŏsadaesa for his service to the king.

In 1014, due to a lack of government funds, Chang and Hwangbo Yu-ŭi, both civil officials, proposed to reduce the salary of the military officials to make up for the lack of funds. This decision angered the military officials, with Supreme Generals Ch'oe Chil and Kim Hun launching a military rebellion and seizing control of the government. Both Chang and Hwangbo were exiled from the court. However, in 1015, both Ch'oe and Kim were killed and power was restored to the civilian court. Chang and Hwangbo were allowed to return. Chang was appointed as the Minister of Revenue, but died shortly later on January 5, 1016. He was posthumously honoured as the Vice Director of the Right in the Department of State Affairs and given the posthumous name of An'gyŏng. Chang's poem, "Song of Cold Pine Pavilion", would later be included in the Joseon-era collection of writings called Tongmunsŏn (Selections of Refined Literature of Korea).