Chipola Formation

The Chipola Formation is a Late Oligocene to Early Miocene geologic formation in the Florida Panhandle and member of the Alum Bluff Group.

Age
Period: Neogene Epoch: Early Miocene to Middle Miocene Faunal stage: Aqitanian ~18.9 to 18.3 mya, calculates to a period of

Location
The Chipola Formation is found along the Chipola River.

Lithography
The Chipola Formation is composed of clays, sands and shell beds. These vary from fossil bearing sandy clays to sands, clays, and carbonate beds absent of fossil content with glauconite and phosphate mica which is common. The coloration is from cream to olive gray with mottled reddish brown in the weathered sections. The sands are soft and very fine to coarse with sporadic gravel while carbonate lenses are quite hard. Permeability of the sediments are generally low and are part of the intermediate confining unit/aquifer system.

Fossil content
The Chipola Formation of the Early Miocene contains one of the most diverse, high-abundance ecosystems of mollusks ever described. It contained herbivorous and carnivorous mollusks at 30–50% as well as filter feeders at 7%. The formation was clearly an algae or detritus-based ecosystem not heavily dependent on phytoplankton. Small land-mammal fauna from an overlying unit supports the older age for the Chipola Formation at 18.9 – 18.3 Ma. (H. Kline et al.).