Cordillera Azul antbird

The Cordillera Azul antbird (Myrmoderus eowilsoni) is a Near Threatened species of passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found only in the Cordillera Azul, San Martín Region, Peru.

Taxonomy and systematics
The Cordillera Azul antbird was described in 2017 by Andre Moncrieff and colleagues and given the binomial name Myrmoderus eowilsoni. The specific epithet was chosen "in honor of Dr. Edward Osborne Wilson to recognize his tremendous devotion to conservation and his patronage of the Rainforest Trust". It and the ferruginous-backed antbird (M. ferrugineus) are sister species.

The Cordillera Azul antbird is monotypic.

Description
The Cordillera Azul antbird is 14 to 15 cm long and weighs 24.7 to 29.0 g. Adult males have a warm sepia-brown crown and nape and brown upperparts with a small white patch between their scapulars. Their flight feathers are fuscous-black with brown edges. Their wing coverts are black with wide buff tips. Their tail is brown on top and fuscous below. Their eye is surrounded by bare blue-gray skin. Their forehead and lores are black and they have a pale gray supercilium on an otherwise black face. Their throat and underparts are mostly black with umber lower flanks and brown undertail coverts. They have a dark brown iris, a blackish maxilla with a blue-gray tomium, a blue-gray mandible, and dark gray legs and feet. Adult females are similar to males but with a white face and throat with black tips on the feathers, orange to amber-brown breast and sides, a dark gray center to the belly, and umber edges to the belly, flanks, and vent area.

Distribution and habitat
The Cordillera Azul antbird is known only from level ridgetops in Peru's Cordillera Azul. There it inhabits tall evergreen forest that has an undisturbed understorey with much leaf litter on the ground. In elevation it ranges between 1340 and 1670 m.

Movement
The Cordillera Azul antbird is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.

Feeding
The Cordillera Azul antbird has only been observed feeding on the ground and within 1 m of it. It walks and makes short flights and picks prey from leaf litter. Its diet has not been detailed but is known to include arthropods. Its diet and feeding behavior are assumed to be very similar to those of its sister ferruginous-backed antbird, which see here.

Breeding
One female Cordillera Azul antbird specimen collected in July had enlarged ovaries. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.

Vocalization
Male Cordillera Azul antbirds sing "four whistled notes in two couplets (songs of 2–3 notes heard rarely), usually with the first note highest in pitch, the second lower, the third of similar or slightly higher pitch, and the final note lowest in pitch". The female's song "exhibits broader variation within and among individuals in pitch and number of notes (3–6) than males, and is delivered more slowly, often with a raspier quality". The species' call is "a sputtering series of notes".

Status
The IUCN has assessed the Cordillera Azul antbird as Near Threatened. It has a limited range and its estimated population of between 7000 and 34,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "The major threat to the forests around the type locality is the extensive, large-scale clear-cutting for conversion into coffee plantations. Until now however, the Cordillera Azul National Park protects large tracts of intact forest." However, as of 2020 the species had not been seen in the park. "Consequently, survey work is urgently needed to determine the full distribution of M. eowilsoni, to assess territory size and occupancy, and to improve estimates of population size."