Damour

Damour (الدامور) is a Lebanese Christian town that is 20 km south of Beirut. The name of the town is derived from the name of the Phoenician god Damoros who symbolized immortality (ديمومة in Arabic). Damour also remained the capital of Mount Lebanon for three centuries.

In 1976, it was the site of the Damour massacre, where Palestinian militants of the Palestine Liberation Organization massacred 150–582 people in the village.

Geography
The city is located in one of the few flat areas of the Lebanese coast. It is built to the north of the river, the ancient Tamyrus, which bears its name on a dune overlooking the Mediterranean. It is surrounded by plantations of bananas and vegetable crops. It has an area of 10.1 km2. The Beirut-Tyre Highway separates the plantations. Now dismantled, the track is a stopover.

Climate
Damour has a mild mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa).

Churches
There exist six churches in Damour, of which Notre-Dame de Damour and St Élias are the biggest. There are also three other chapels, including  Sainte Thècle, St Michel, which was the first church in Damour, St Maroun, which is under reconstruction, and St Joseph. These six churches are all Maronite Churches. Before the Lebanese Civil War, Damour had another Catholic church, Savior's Church. Most of the population is Maronite Catholic

Tourism
Damour, one of the few coastal cities in Lebanon with a sandy beach, is just ten minutes from Beirut. This proximity makes it a popular destination for tourists, particularly water sports enthusiasts. Thus several restaurants, coffees and snacks are located along the beach. There are also a few restaurants at the edges of the Damour river.

History


In the 19th century, Damour was the a flourishing center of the Chouf region. Its plain was then planted with mulberry and had twelve large manufacturing companies. Ten thousand workers and technicians worked in the natural silk industry. The city has a real fascination for the Lebanese worker and attracts the largest majority of the natives in the Sahel region.

During the last centuries, Damour was located on the central axis of fighting and successive wars.

In 1302, after the Mamluks took Arwad Island, on 8 June the same year, the Cypriots landed on the Damour River. A battle took place between the Emir Fakhr al - Din Abdel - Hamid bin Jamaluddin Altnokhi, his brother the Emir Shams al - Din Abdullah accompanied by an army of Muslims against the Cypriot. The battle was won by Crusaders. Fakhr Din Emir was killed, while his brother Shams al - Din fell hostage. He was released after five days for a ransom of three thousand dinars tyriens.

In May 1860, Druze forces committed a massacre of the people.

During the nights of the first world war, inhabitants met the armoured French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc sailors and received medicines, food and other needed supplies.

In 1941, Damour was the French administrative capital. The city being a strategic crossing point on the road to Beirut, 21 July 1941, was the place of one of the battles that affected Lebanon during World War II Syria-Lebanon Campaign. Australian troops, progressing towards the North along the coast, took Damour, held by the French Foreign Legion, faithful to the Vichy Government. A cease-fire was concluded at the end of the battle. There were no more obstacles in the direction of Beirut.

In 1942, South African army engineers built a railway line from Haifa to Beirut along the coast and Australian engineers continued the line to Tripoli.  The line is no longer in use.

On January 9, 1976, Palestinians laid siege to the city. On January 20, 1976, thousands of Palestinians committed a massacre of the inhabitants. See Damour Massacre.

During 1982 Lebanon War, the Israeli Air Force bombed the city which was under the control of the Palestinian militias.

During the 2006 Lebanon War, the Israeli Air Force destroyed several bridges on Highway Beirut-Tyre and on the Damour River.

The Historical Bridge
The history of the archeological bridge dates back to the era of prince-Béchir Shehab who had a great interest in it, it was considered a strategic and important transit point between Mt Lebanon and the South.

Neighborhoods

 * Mar Thecla El Naame
 * Mar Mikhael Al Damour
 * Khiyam Al Damour
 * Saadiyat
 * Ghandouriyeh
 * Missiar

Notable People

 * Ghada Georges Aoun
 * Elie Saab
 * Nassib Al Matni (Journalist killed 1958)
 * Michel Aoun
 * Georges Akl
 * Rose Ghorayeb - renowned Lebanese author and literary critic
 * Michel Farid Ghrayeb
 * Georges Asaad Aoun
 * Aziz Al Matni (Journalist/writer)
 * Marwan Al Matni (Journalist)
 * Saïd Ghorayeb (Journalist/Television Presenter)
 * Michel Azzi (Television Presenter)
 * Michel Azzi (Singer)
 * Nadine Saab (Singer)
 * Joseph Hashem - Zaghloul al-Damour (Zajal Poet)
 * Geryes Boustani (Zajal Poet)
 * Mario Aoun (Minister)
 * Dani Fadel (Scientific Researcher)