Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is the department of the Australian federal government responsible for foreign policy and relations, international aid (using the branding Australian Aid), consular services and trade and investment (including trade and investment promotion Austrade). Australia's total official development assistance (ODA) (USD 3 billion) decreased in 2022 due to differences in Australia's financial year reporting and the timing of its COVID-19-related expenditure, representing 0.19% of gross national income (GNI).

The head of the department is its secretary, presently Jan Adams. She reports to Penny Wong, who has held the position of Minister for Foreign Affairs since 2022.

History
The department finds its origins in two of the seven original Commonwealth Departments established following Federation in 1901: the Department of Trade and Customs and the Department of External Affairs (DEA), headed by Harry Wollaston and Atlee Hunt respectively.

The first DEA was abolished on 14 November 1916 and its responsibilities were undertaken by the Prime Minister's Department and the Department of Home and Territories. It was re-established under the same name on 21 December 1921.

Until the Second World War, Australia's status as a dominion of the British Empire in the then British Commonwealth meant its foreign relations were mostly defined by the United Kingdom. During this time, Australia's overseas activities were predominantly related to trade and commercial interests, while its external affairs were concerned mostly with immigration, exploration and publicity. The political and economic changes wrought by the Great Depression and Second World War, and the adoption of the 1931 Statute of Westminster (ratified by Australia in 1942), necessitated the establishment and expansion of Australian representation overseas, independent of the United Kingdom Foreign Office. Australia began to establish its first overseas missions (outside London) in 1940, beginning with Washington, D.C., and now has a network of over 80 diplomatic (and 22 trade) posts.

The DEA was renamed the Department of Foreign Affairs in 1970. On 24 July 1987, the Department of Foreign Affairs and the Department of Trade were amalgamated by the Hawke government to form the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT).

In 1994, the Australian Overseas Information Service (AOIS, formerly Australian Information Service) became a branch in DFAT known as the International Public Affairs Branch. In 1996 the branch was dissolved.

In 2005, DFAT became embroiled in the Oil-for-Food Programme scandal after it was revealed it had approved the Australian Wheat Board's (AWB) request allowing it to pay 'trucking charges' to Alia, a Jordanian trucking company with no actual involvement in the trucking of Australian wheat within Iraq. The Cole Inquiry into the AWB was established, however its terms of reference excluded any investigation of the role of DFAT.

Portfolio responsibilities
The functions of the department are broadly classified into the following matters as laid out in an Administrative Arrangements Order issued on 18 September 2013:
 * External Affairs, including:
 * relations and communications with overseas governments and United Nations agencies
 * treaties, including trade agreements
 * bilateral, regional and multilateral trade policy
 * international trade and commodity negotiations
 * market development, including market access
 * trade and international business development
 * investment promotion
 * international development co-operation
 * diplomatic and consular missions
 * international security issues, including disarmament, arms control and nuclear non-proliferation
 * public diplomacy, including information and cultural programs
 * International expositions
 * Provision to Australian citizens of secure travel identification
 * Provision of consular services to Australian citizens abroad
 * Overseas property management, including acquisition, ownership and disposal of real property
 * Tourism industry (international)
 * International development and aid
 * Development and co-ordination of international climate change policy
 * International climate change negotiations

Portfolio ministers
Four additional ministers support the Minister for Foreign Affairs in administering the Department, :


 * Minister for Trade and Tourism, Senator Don Farrell
 * Minister for International Development and the Pacific, Pat Conroy MP
 * Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tim Watts MP
 * Assistant Minister for Trade, Senator Tim Ayres

Secretary of the Department
DFAT is administered by a senior executive, comprising a secretary and five deputy secretaries. On the recommendation of the Prime Minister, the Governor-General has appointed the following individuals as Secretary to the department:

Structure
The department is responsible to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment, the Minister for International Development and the Pacific, and the Assistant Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment.

The department has around 3,300 employees, of whom 1,300 are foreign staff employed by missions directly, and 1,500 are Australian employees based in Australia, and some 500 are diplomats serving overseas.

Departmental structure

 * Office of the Secretary
 * Internal Audit Branch
 * Strategic Policy, Contestability and Futures Branch
 * Executive Branch
 * Global Cooperation, Development and Partnerships Group
 * Multilateral Policy Division
 * Development Policy Division
 * Multilateral Development and Finance Division
 * Public Diplomacy, Communications & Scholarships Division
 * Centre for Health Security
 * Office of Development Effectiveness
 * Innovation Xchange
 * Office of the Ambassador for the Environment
 * International Security, Humanitarian and Consular Group
 * International Security Division
 * Consular and Crisis Management Division
 * Humanitarian, NGOs and Partnerships Division
 * Legal Division
 * Middle East and Africa Division
 * Australian Safeguards and Non-proliferation Office
 * Office of the Ambassador for Cyber Affairs
 * Indo-Pacific Group
 * South-East Asia Division
 * North Asia Division
 * Pacific Division
 * US and Indo-Pacific Strategy Division
 * South-West Asia Division
 * Trade, Investment and Business Engagement Group
 * Office of Trade Negotiations
 * Investment and Economic Division
 * Free Trade Agreement Division
 * Europe and Latin America Division
 * Services Delivery Group
 * People Branches
 * Diplomatic Academy
 * Finance Branches
 * Security Branches
 * Information Management and Technology Division
 * Australian Passport Office
 * Overseas Property Office
 * Protocol Branch
 * Contracting and Aid Management Division

Diplomatic network
The department maintains offices in each state and mainland territory to provide consular and passport services, and to perform an important liaison service for business throughout Australia. In addition, it has a Torres Strait Treaty Liaison Office on Thursday Island. Additionally, the department manages a network of over 90 overseas posts, including Australian embassies, high commissions, consulates-general and consulates.

Portfolio agencies
DFAT also manages several agencies within its portfolio, including:
 * Australian Trade and Investment Commission;
 * Export Finance and Insurance Corporation;
 * Australian Secret Intelligence Service;
 * Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research

DFAT also manages foundations, councils and institutes including:
 * Australia-China Council (ACC)
 * Australia-India Council (AIC)
 * Australia-Indonesia Institute (AII)
 * Australia International Cultural Council (AICC)
 * Australia-Japan Foundation (AJF)
 * Australia-Korea Foundation (AKF)
 * Australia-Malaysia Institute (AMI)
 * Australia-Thailand Institute (ATI)
 * Council for Australian-Arab Relations (CAAR)
 * Council on Australia Latin America Relations (COALAR)