Diffraction-limited storage ring

Diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSR), or ultra-low emittance storage rings, are synchrotron light sources where the emittance of the electron-beam in the storage ring is smaller or comparable to the emittance of the x-ray photon beam they produce at the end of their insertion devices. These facilities operate in the soft to hard x-ray range (100eV—100keV) with extremely high brilliance (in the order of 1021—1022 photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1%BW)

Together with X-ray free-electron lasers, they constitute the fourth generation of light sources, characterized by a relatively high coherent flux (in the order of 1014—1015photons/s/0.1%BW for DLSR) and enable extended physical and chemical characterizations at the nano-scale.

Existing diffraction-limited storage rings

 * MAX IV Laboratory, in Lund, Sweden.
 * Sirius, in Campinas, Brazil
 * European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Extremely Brilliant Source (ESRF-EBS), in Grenoble, France

DLSR upgrade or facilities under construction

 * Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U), in Argonne, Illinois, USA
 * Swiss Light Source 2, Upgrade (SLS 2.0 ), in Villigen, Switzerland

Upgrades

 * PETRA IV, Upgrade (PETRA IV), at DESY, Hamburg, Germany
 * Advanced Light Source, Upgrade (ALS-U), in Berkeley, California, USA
 * Diamond II (Diamond II), in Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
 * ELETTRA 2.0 (Elettra 2.0), in Trieste, Italy
 * ALBA II, in Barcelona, Spain
 * SOLEIL II, in Saint-Aubin, France

New facilities

 * High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), in Beijing, China