Edward Gaylord Bourne

'''Edward Gaylord Bourne, Ph. D.''' (June 24, 1860 – February 24, 1908) was an American historian. He was born in Strykersville, New York, and educated at Yale graduating in 1883 with high honors. He taught at Adelbert College, Cleveland from 1888 to 1895 when he became a professor of history at Yale. Bourne is considered one of the founders of Latin American history as a field in the United States. The publication of his Spain in America (1904), was "a major landmark in the development of the field," which "gave a lucid synthesis of the institutional life of Spanish America, ranging also through economic, social, and cultural developments...." In an assessment of Bourne's work, Charles Gibson and Benjamin Keen state that "He may justifiably be termed the first scientific historian of the United States to view the Spanish colonial process dispassionately and thereby to escape the conventional Anglo-Protestant attitudes of outraged or tolerant disparagement."

Publications
Bourne published many critical papers on historical subjects. One of them, "The Legend of Marcus Whitman," is considered to have settled the Whitman question, determining that there was no basis in fact for the widespread notion that Whitman "saved" Oregon to the United States. His four-volume Spain in America is credited with "an unequivocally scholarly presentation, in laying a positive assessment of early Hispanic colonization before the [U.S.] American public." The work was reissued in 1962, indicating its enduring importance to the field.

Bourne published: Bourne edited:
 * The History of the Surplus Revenue of 1837 (1885)
 * Historical Introduction to the Philippine Islands (1903)
 * Spain in America, 1450-1580 (1904) 4 vols. Reissued 1962.
 * Life of J. L. Motley (1905)
 * Discovery, Conquest, and History of the Philippine Islands (1907)
 * Rocher's Spanish Colonial System (1904), and translated The Narrative of De Soto (1904) and The Voyage of Champlain (1905).

Honors
Bourne was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1893.