Energy Act 1983

The Energy Act 1983 (1983  c. 25) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which amended the law to facilitate the generation and supply of electricity other than by Electricity Boards. It also obliged Electricity Boards to adopt combined heat and power schemes. It gave statutory status to the Electricity Consumers' Council. The Act defined the duties of persons responsible for nuclear installations and penalties for a breach of those duties.

Background
The Conservative government of the 1980s wished to stimulate the operation of market forces. The Energy Act was an attempt to realise this by encouraging competition in the electricity industry. As the Secretary of State for Energy, Nigel Lawson, stated in Parliament, the Energy Act ‘carries forward the Government's approach to the nationalised industries and the public sector generally. It is our aim, first, to stimulate the operation of market forces and to encourage competition; secondly, to remove artificial constraints on the private sector; thirdly, to open up the possibility for consumers of a choice of supplier; fourthly, to spur the massive State-owned corporations to greater efficiency; and, fifthly, further to diversify the country's sources of energy supply’. But he emphasised that the Act ‘is not concerned with the privatisation of the existing nationalised electricity supply industry’; that would come at the end of the decade. The Act also encouraged the development of industrial combined heat and power schemes.

Energy Act 1983
The Energy Act 1983 (1983  c. 25) received Royal Assent on 9 May 1983. Its long title is ‘An Act to amend the law relating to electricity so as to facilitate the generation and supply of electricity by persons other than Electricity Boards, and for certain other purposes; and to amend the law relating to the duties of persons responsible for nuclear installations and to compensation for breach of those duties’.

Provisions
The Act comprises 38 Sections in 3 Parts and 4 Schedules

PART I Electricity

Private generation and supply


 * Section 1  Removal of restrictions on supply etc.
 * Section 2  Notice of construction or extension of generating stations
 * Section 3  Nuclear-powered generating stations
 * Section 4  Hydro-electric generating stations in Scotland
 * Section 5  Private generators and Electricity Boards
 * Section 6  Charges for supplies by Electricity Boards
 * Section 7  Charges for purchases by Electricity Boards
 * Section 8  Charges for use of transmission and distribution systems
 * Section 9  Disputes as to offers under section 5 etc.
 * Section 10  Further provisions as to charges under sections 7 and 8
 * Section 11 Arrangements between Electricity Boards
 * Section 12  Meters to be of approved pattern
 * Section 13  Duty of Boards to supply
 * Section 14  Inspection and testing of lines etc.

Miscellaneous and general


 * Section 15  Amendments relating to meters
 * Section 16  Regulations relating to supply and safety
 * Section 17  Charges for availability of supply
 * Section 18  Purchases by Electricity Boards from local authorities
 * Section 19 Combined heat and power
 * Section 20  Abolition of rights of entry
 * Section 21  The Electricity Consumers' Council
 * Section 22  Functions of other bodies in relation to Electricity Consumers' Council
 * Section 23  Offences
 * Section 24  Regulations: general
 * Section 25  Amendments
 * Section 26  Interpretation of Part I

PART II Nuclear Installations


 * Section 27  Limitation of operators' liability
 * Section 28  General cover for compensation
 * Section 29  Carriage of nuclear matter
 * Section 30  Provisions supplementary to sections 27 to 29
 * Section 31  Reciprocal enforcement of judgments
 * Section 32  Meaning of "excepted matter"
 * Section 33  Extension to territories outside United Kingdom
 * Section 34  United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

PART III General


 * Section 35  Financial provisions
 * Section 36  Repeals
 * Section 37  Commencement
 * Section 38  Short title and extent

Schedules


 * Schedule 1 Electricity : Amendments Relating to Meters
 * Schedule 2  The Electricity Consumers' Council
 * Schedule 3  Electricity : Minor and Consequential Amendments
 * Schedule 4  Enactments Repealed

Effects and consequences
The purpose of the Part I of the Act was to promote competition in the domestic electricity market by encouraging private generation and supply. It entitled private generators of electricity to sell their electricity to the local electricity board. It thereby gave them a guaranteed market. It also allowed them to use the public transmission and distribution system.

The Oil and Gas (Enterprise) Act 1982 had opened up the public gas supply system to competition from the private sector. The pipelines of the British Gas Corporation were used to transmit and distribute other suppliers' gas. The Energy Act 1983 extended this approach into the supply of electricity. It was recognised that the Energy Act 1983 did not have a significant effect. It did not lead to an increase in private power generation. However, it did set the scene for more radical reforms at the end of the 1980s including the privatisation of the electricity industry implemented from 1989.

Part II of the Act updated the Nuclear Installations (Amendment) Act 1965, which had subsequently been consolidated into the Nuclear Installations Act 1965. Over the years the penalties prescribed by the Acts had lost much of their value through inflation. The purpose of the 1983 Act was to restore the real value of the amounts of compensation that the 1965 Act provides for damage caused by nuclear incidents.

Part III of the Act repealed the whole of the Electric Lighting Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 12) and amended certain sections of the Electric Lighting (Clauses) Act 1899 (62 & 63 Vict. c. 19).

Subsequent legislation
Sections 1 to 26 of the Energy Act 1983 were repealed by the Electricity Act 1989.

Schedules 1 to 3 of the Energy Act 1983 were repealed by the Electricity Act 1989.