Euphorbia condylocarpa

Euphorbia condylocarpa is a plant species in the genus Euphorbia.

Description
Medium (10–35 cm) hairless perennial, leaves strongly eared at the base, obtuse to subacute at the tip, margins serrate or toothless, stalks 0 or short. The capsules are relatively large (4–5.5(6) mm) rather spherical with low wide warts on the three lobes. Seeds 3-3.5 mm, smooth, dark brown, with yellowish 0.5 mm appendage. Mar-Jun (Turkey) Apr-May (Iran). The eastern forms have rather dense heads of flowers and more discernably-toothed leaves, but the Turkish forms are more open and effusely flowered with obscure leaf teeth and were originally distinguished as E. cardiophylla Boiss. & Heldr. but now merged into E. condylocarpa. ( mostly, and &. )

Similar species include E. apios (leaves uneared), E. dimorphocaulon (flowering stems autumn, c. leafless, vegetative stems spring), E. platyphyllos (annual to 1m, often hairy, fruit 2.5–3 mm).

Habitat
Turkey: Open Pinus forest, Abies cilicica forest, Quercus scrub, rocky slopes, screes, steppe, field margins, 20–2100 m.

Iran: Mountain slopes, oak forests, meadows, rocky slopes and steppe forests on limestone, at 1500–2500 m.

Range
Iran, Iraq, North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Turkey (PoWo Map).

Phytochemistry
The plant contains the flavonol trifolin.