First Responder Network Authority

The First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet) of the United States was created under the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (MCTRJCA). The purpose of FirstNet is to establish, operate, and maintain an interoperable public safety broadband network. To fulfill these objectives, Congress allotted $7 billion and 20 MHz of radio spectrum to build the network.

Governance
FirstNet is an independent authority within the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). The First Responder Network Authority Board is governed by a 15-member Board of Directors. Ex-officio board members include the United States Secretary of Homeland Security, the United States Attorney General, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. The remaining 12 members are selected by the United States Secretary of Commerce for their public safety, technical, network, and/or financial expertise. Prior to FirstNet, the Public Safety Spectrum Trust was selected by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as the Public Safety Broadband Licensee (PSBL) for the 10 MHz of 700 MHz public safety nationwide broadband spectrum.

Currently the members of the FirstNet Authority Board are:


 * Chief Richard Carrizzo (Board Chair) - Chief of the Southern Platte Fire Protection District in Kansas City, Missouri
 * Renee Gordon (Board Vice Chair and Governance and Risk Committee Chair) - City of Alexandria, Virginia Department of Emergency & Customer Communications Director
 * Brian Crawford (Finance Committee Chair) - Senior Vice President of the Willis-Knighton Health System in Shreveport, Louisiana
 * Alexandra Fernández Navarro - Puerto Rico Public Service Regulatory Board
 * Merrick B. Garland - United States Attorney General
 * Sheriff Kristin Graziano - Sheriff of Charleston, South Carolina
 * Mayor Billy Hewes - Mayor of Gulfport, Mississippi
 * Sheriff Peter Koutoujian - Sheriff of Middlesex County, Massachusetts
 * Alejandro Mayorkas - United States Secretary of Homeland Security
 * Sean P. McDevitt - telecom industry executive and partner at Arthur D. Little in Boston, Massachusetts
 * Warren Mickens - retired telecom industry executive based in Denver, Colorado
 * Undersheriff Sylvia Moir (Public Sector Advocacy Committee Chair) - Undersheriff of Marin County, California
 * Jocelyn Moore (Programs and Future Planning Committee Chair) - industry executive, former EVP of Communications and Public Affairs of the National Football League, and member of the Boards of Directors of DraftKings and Oppfi
 * Paul R. Patrick - Division Director, Family Health and Preparedness, Utah Department of Health
 * Shalanda Young - Director of the Office of Management and Budget

In March 2023, Joseph Wassel, a previous Department of Defense executive who founded a global working group on public safety communications, was named as the new CEO of FirstNet.

Radio Access Network (RAN)
The construction of the nationwide FirstNet network requires each state to have a Radio Access Network (RAN) that will connect to FirstNet's network core. According to the MCTRJCA, FirstNet is responsible for consulting with states, local communities, and tribal governments to develop the requirements for its RAN deployment plan. These efforts began in May 2013. However, each state will have the option to either allow FirstNet to create the RAN or to "opt out" and create its own RAN. Even if a state chooses to opt out and receives approval from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to develop its own RAN, the RAN must use the FirstNet network core and must meet FirstNet requirements. For a state to receive FCC approval, it must demonstrate the following abilities:


 * Provide the technical capability to operate and fund the RAN
 * Maintain ongoing interoperability with the FirstNet Network
 * Complete the project within specified comparable timelines
 * Execute the plan cost-effectively
 * Deliver security, coverage, and quality of service comparable to the FirstNet network

States that meet these criteria and receive FCC approval may apply for grant funding through the NTIA.

Broadband wireless network
Calls for the nationwide broadband system came after September 11, 2001. The federal government has been working toward a system ever since that time. The 9/11 attacks "highlighted the inability for deployed public safety networks to handle a true crisis situation."

FirstNet is in the early stages of creating the first nationwide high-speed broadband wireless network "providing a single interoperable platform for law enforcement, firefighters, paramedics and other public safety officials in every state, county, locality and tribal area.” In an April 2016 article, a spokesman for FirstNet said “FirstNet is going to really revolutionize the communications technology for first responders. Our next-generation technology isn’t just going to save lives, but it’s going to keep our first responders safer and make our communities safer, because it’s going to provide extra situational awareness for people out in the field.”

Currently, there are around 10,000 different and incompatible “land mobile radio networks" that first responders in the U.S. use in their jobs. This patchwork of different systems can get in the way of first responders' being able to effectively communicate with each other during emergencies.

States are able to opt out of FirstNet's new nationwide broadband network. FirstNet assists those states by providing a guide that helps the states deploy communications networks that have interoperability with other systems.

The Federal Communications Commission and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration are also involved in coordinating the broadband system.

At a U.S. Senate hearing in July 2016, Senators Brian Schatz (D-Hawaii) and Roger Wicker (R-Mississippi) expressed concern to FirstNet's CEO, who was testifying at the hearing, about various issues related to the national broadband system. Schatz said that he would rather see FirstNet partner with states instead of "establishing a 'grantee-grantor relationship'". Wicker said he was concerned that the $7 billion budget for the program was not enough funding.

Public forums
In August 2016 FirstNet held a border security forum in Phoenix, Arizona. FirstNet officials met with federal and local security officials to discuss problems with communications networks and updates on FirstNet's deployment of the national broadband wireless network. FirstNet's representatives said that LTE technology (the data and apps that people have on their smart phones) will help emergency responders during public emergencies.

Implementation
FirstNet is headquartered in Reston, Virginia, with technical headquarters in Boulder, Colorado. The authority board created a public-private partnership with AT&T in March 2017 to build out FirstNet.

In December 2017, all 50 states opted in to the network plan with AT&T, but questions remained about when it would be deployed and how cost-effective it is.

In December 2023, FirstNet Authority Board Chairman Richard Corrizzo announced that the FirstNet Authority had validated that AT&T had completed the initial five-year network buildout by the March 30, 2023 deadline.

Mobile network
As a result of the abovementioned partnership, all FirstNet subscribers use the AT&T Mobility cellular network, with priority given to 4G LTE Band 14 (700 MHz) originally reserved for FirstNet as well as other frequency bands over other AT&T subscribers.

Criticism
FirstNet was characterized as "the most wasteful post-9/11 initiative" by the journalist Steven Brill in 2016.