Generational list of programming languages

This is a "genealogy" of programming languages. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Those ancestor languages are listed in alphabetic order. Any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.

ALGOL based

 * ALGOL (also under Fortran)
 * Atlas Autocode
 * ALGOL 58 (IAL, International Algorithmic Language)
 * MAD and GOM (Michigan Algorithm Decoder and Good Old MAD)
 * ALGOL 60
 * MAD/I
 * Simula (see also Simula based)
 * SETL
 * ABC
 * Python
 * Julia (also under Lisp, Ruby, ALGOL)
 * Nim (also under Oberon)
 * Ring (also under C, BASIC, Ruby, C#, Lua)
 * Swift (also under Ruby, Objective-C, and Haskell)
 * Boo
 * Cobra (syntax and features)
 * ALGOL 68
 * ALGOL W
 * Pascal
 * Ada
 * SPARK
 * PL/SQL
 * Turbo Pascal
 * Object Pascal (Delphi)
 * Free Pascal (FPC)
 * Kylix (same as Delphi, but for Linux)
 * Euclid
 * Concurrent Euclid
 * Turing
 * Turing+ (Turing Plus)
 * Object-Oriented Turing
 * Mesa
 * Modula-2
 * Modula-3
 * Oberon (Oberon-1)
 * Go (also under C)
 * V (Vlang)
 * Nim (also under Python)
 * Oberon-2
 * Component Pascal
 * Active Oberon
 * Zonnon
 * Oberon-07
 * Lua (also under Scheme and SNOBOL)
 * Ring (also under C, BASIC, Ruby, Python, C#)
 * SUE
 * Plus
 * CPL
 * BCPL
 * B
 * C (see also C based)

APL based

 * APL
 * A+
 * J (also under FL)
 * K (also under LISP)
 * NESL
 * PDL (also under Perl)

BASIC based

 * BASIC (also under Fortran II)
 * AmigaBASIC
 * AMOS BASIC
 * BASIC Stamp
 * Basic-256
 * BASIC09
 * BBC Basic
 * Blitz BASIC
 * Blitz3D
 * BlitzMax
 * BlitzPlus
 * Business Basic
 * Caché Basic
 * Chinese BASIC
 * COMAL
 * Commodore BASIC
 * DarkBASIC
 * DarkBASIC Professional
 * Euphoria
 * GLBasic
 * GRASS
 * GW-BASIC
 * QuickBASIC
 * QBasic
 * Basic4GL
 * FreeBASIC
 * Liberty BASIC
 * Run BASIC
 * Visual Basic
 * VBScript
 * Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
 * LotusScript
 * Visual Basic .NET
 * Small Basic
 * B4X
 * Basic for Qt
 * OpenOffice Basic
 * HBasic
 * Gambas
 * WinWrap Basic
 * WordBasic
 * QB64
 * PureBasic
 * REALbasic (Xojo)
 * Ring (also under C, Ruby, Python, C#, Lua)
 * thinBasic
 * TI-BASIC
 * True BASIC
 * Turbo Basic
 * PowerBASIC
 * wxBasic
 * SdlBasic
 * RCBasic
 * XBasic
 * YaBasic

Batch languages

 * MS-DOS Batch files
 * Winbatch
 * CLIST
 * IBM Job Control Language (JCL)

C based

 * C (also under BCPL)
 * Lua
 * Alef
 * C++
 * Rust (also under Cyclone, Haskell, and OCaml)
 * D
 * C#
 * Windows PowerShell (also under DCL, ksh, and Perl)
 * Ring (also under BASIC, Ruby, Python, Lua)
 * Cobra (class/object model and other features)


 * Java (see also Java based)
 * C--
 * Cyclone
 * Rust (also under C++, Haskell, and OCaml)
 * ColdFusion
 * Go (also under Oberon)
 * V (Vlang)
 * Harbour
 * Limbo
 * LPC
 * Pike
 * Objective-C (also under Smalltalk)
 * Swift (also under Ruby, Python, and Haskell)
 * PCASTL (also under Lisp)
 * Perl
 * Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL, and ksh)
 * S2
 * PHP
 * Ruby (also under Smalltalk)
 * Julia (also under Lisp, Python, ALGOL)
 * Ring (also under C, BASIC, Python, C#, Lua)
 * Swift (also under Objective-C, Python, and Haskell)
 * Crystal
 * Elixir (also under Erlang)
 * PDL (also under APL)
 * Raku
 * QuakeC
 * Ring (also under BASIC, Ruby, Python, C#, Lua)
 * tcsh (also under sh)

C# based

 * C#
 * Chapel
 * Clojure
 * Crystal
 * D
 * J#
 * Dart
 * F#
 * Hack
 * Java
 * Kotlin
 * Nemerle
 * Oxygene
 * Ring
 * Rust
 * Swift
 * Vala
 * TypeScript

COBOL based

 * COBOL
 * ABAP
 * DIBOL
 * WATBOL

COMIT based

 * COMIT
 * SNOBOL
 * Icon
 * Unicon
 * Lua (also under Modula and Scheme)
 * Ring (also under C, BASIC, Ruby, Python, C#)

DCL based

 * DCL
 * Windows PowerShell (also under C#, ksh, and Perl)

ed based

 * ed (programming language)
 * sed
 * AWK
 * Perl (also under C)

Eiffel based

 * Eiffel
 * Cobra (design by contract)
 * Sather
 * Ubercode

Forth based

 * Forth
 * InterPress
 * PostScript
 * Joy
 * Factor
 * Rebol (also under Lisp)
 * RPL (also under Lisp)

Fortran based

 * Fortran
 * Fortran II
 * BASIC (see also BASIC based)
 * SAKO
 * Fortran IV
 * WATFOR
 * WATFIV
 * Fortran 66
 * FORMAC
 * Ratfor
 * Fortran 77
 * WATFOR-77
 * Ratfiv
 * Fortran 90
 * Fortran 95
 * F
 * Fortran 2003
 * Fortran 2008
 * Fortran 2018


 * ALGOL (see also ALGOL based)

FP based

 * FP (Function Programming)
 * FL (Function Level)
 * J (also under APL)
 * FPr (also under Lisp and object-oriented programming)

HyperTalk based

 * HyperTalk
 * ActionScript (also under JavaScript)
 * AppleScript
 * SenseTalk
 * SuperTalk
 * Transcript

Java based

 * Java (also under C)
 * Ateji PX
 * C#
 * Ceylon
 * Fantom
 * Apache Groovy
 * OptimJ
 * Processing
 * Scala
 * Join Java
 * J#
 * Kotlin
 * X10

JavaScript based

 * JavaScript (also under Scheme, Self)
 * ActionScript (also under HyperTalk)
 * Haxe
 * Asm.js
 * CoffeeScript
 * ECMAScript
 * JavaScript OSA
 * JScript
 * TypeScript

JOSS based
JOSS also inspired features for several versions of BASIC, including Tymshare's SUPER BASIC and DEC's BASIC-PLUS.
 * JOSS
 * CAL
 * TELCOMP
 * FOCAL
 * MUMPS
 * Caché ObjectScript

Lisp based

 * Lisp
 * Arc
 * AutoLISP
 * Clojure
 * Common Lisp
 * uLisp (A subset of Common Lisp for microcontrollers)
 * Emacs Lisp
 * ISLISP
 * Interlisp
 * Julia (has Lisp-like macros, but ALGOL-like syntax) (also under Python, Ruby, ALGOL)
 * K (also under APL)
 * LFE
 * Logo
 * Turtle graphics
 * MacLisp
 * Nu programming language
 * PicoLisp
 * REBOL
 * Red (programming language)
 * RPL (also under Forth)
 * S
 * R
 * PCASTL (also under ALGOL)
 * Scheme
 * GNU Guile
 * Racket
 * Hop
 * Pico
 * T
 * Lua (also under Modula and SNOBOL)
 * Ring (also under C, BASIC, Ruby, Python, C#)
 * JavaScript (also based on Self)
 * ECMAScript (also based on Self)

ML based

 * ML
 * Standard ML (SML)
 * Caml
 * OCaml
 * F#
 * Reason
 * Rust (also under C++, Cyclone, and Haskell)

PL/I based

 * PL/I
 * PL/M
 * PL/C
 * REXX
 * SP/k
 * XPL

Prolog based

 * Prolog
 * CLP(R), CLP(FD)
 * Mercury
 * Erlang
 * Cuneiform
 * Elixir (also under Ruby)
 * Logtalk

SASL based

 * SASL
 * Kent Recursive Calculator
 * Miranda
 * Haskell
 * Agda
 * Elm
 * Idris
 * Rust (also under C++, Cyclone, and OCaml)
 * Swift (also under Ruby, Python, and Objective-C)
 * PureScript
 * Nix

SETL based

 * SETL
 * ABC
 * Python (also under ALGOL)
 * Julia (also under Lisp, Ruby, ALGOL)
 * Nim (also under Oberon)
 * Ring (also under C, BASIC, Ruby, C#, Lua)
 * Swift (also under Ruby, Objective-C, and Haskell)
 * Boo
 * Cobra (syntax and features)

sh based

 * Sh
 * bash
 * csh (also under C)
 * tcsh
 * Hamilton C shell
 * fish
 * zsh
 * ksh
 * Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL, and Perl)
 * Qshell

Simula based

 * Simula (also under ALGOL 60)
 * C++ (also under C)
 * Smalltalk
 * Objective-C (hybrid of C and Smalltalk)
 * Swift (also under Ruby, Python, and Haskell)
 * Cobra (support both dynamic and static types)
 * Ruby (also under Perl)
 * Swift (also under Objective-C, Python, and Haskell)
 * Elixir (also under Erlang)
 * Self
 * JavaScript (also under Scheme) (see also JavaScript based)
 * NewtonScript
 * Io
 * BETA

Tcl based

 * Tcl
 * Expect
 * Tea

Others

 * Assembly
 * BLISS
 * CORAL
 * Curl
 * GPSS
 * LabVIEW
 * NXT-G
 * Microsoft Power Fx
 * occam
 * POP-2, POP-11
 * REFAL
 * RPG (Report Program Generator)
 * Seed7
 * SQL (Structured Query Language)
 * TACL (Tandem Advanced Command Language)
 * TUTOR