Geographic data and information

Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). It is also called geospatial data and information, georeferenced data and information, as well as geodata and geoinformation.

Location information (known by the many names mentioned here) is stored in a geographic information system (GIS).

There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data.

Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.

Fields of study
Geographic data and information are the subject of a number of overlapping fields of study, mainly: "Geospatial technology" may refer to any of "geomatics", "geomatics", or "geographic information technology."
 * Geocomputation
 * Geographic information science
 * Geographic information science and technology
 * Geoinformatics
 * Geomatics
 * Geovisualization

The above is in addition to other related fields, such as:
 * Cartography
 * Geodesy
 * Geography
 * Geostatistics
 * Photogrammetry
 * Remote sensing
 * Spatial data analysis
 * Surveying
 * Topography