Grey tinamou

The grey tinamou (Tinamus tao) is a type of ground bird native to South America. Four subspecies are recognised.

Taxonomy
All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.

The grey tinamou has several subspecies:
 * T. t. larensis with a range in the montane forests of central Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.
 * T. t. kleei with a range of south-central Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and western Brazil.
 * T. t. septentrionalis with a range of northeastern Venezuela and possibly northwestern Guyana.
 * T. t. tao with a range of north central Brazil, far eastern Peru, and far northwestern Bolivia.

Description
The gray tinamou is believed to be the largest species among the tinamous. Reported total length is from 41.5 to 49 cm and possibly as much as 53 cm. In body mass, males may scale from 1325 to 1863 g, averaging 1565 g, and females can weigh from 1430 to 2080 g, averaging 1636 g and possibly weighing as much as 2300 g. As suggested by its name, it is mostly grey. The back and head are barred blackish, and its vent is cinnamon. White spotting extends along the head and down the neck.

Distribution and habitat
The grey tinamou is found throughout western and northern Brazil, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, Colombia east of the Andes, northern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and Guyana.

In most of its range it is essentially restricted to humid lowland forests, but in the northern and far western parts of its range it mainly occurs in montane forests. This tinamou has shown the ability to utilize forests that have been cleared by logging. As most other tinamous, its song is commonly heard, but it is shy and only infrequently seen.

Behavior
Like other tinamous, the male incubates the eggs on the nest that is located in heavy brush on the ground. After incubation, the male will also raise them for the short period of time until they are ready. They eat fruit and seeds from the ground and bushes that are low to the ground.

Conservation
This species was previously considered by the IUCN to be a Least Concern status, and has a range occurrence of 3600000 km2 In 2012 it was uplisted to vulnerable.