Gummel–Poon model

The Gummel–Poon model is a model of the bipolar junction transistor. It was first described in an article published by Hermann Gummel and H. C. Poon at Bell Labs in 1970.

The Gummel–Poon model and modern variants of it are widely used in popular circuit simulators such as SPICE. A significant effect that the Gummel–Poon model accounts for is the variation of the transistor $$\beta_\text{F}$$ and $$\beta_\text{R}$$ values with the direct current level. When certain parameters are omitted, the Gummel–Poon model reduces to the simpler Ebers–Moll model.

Model parameters
Spice Gummel–Poon model parameters