Hủ tiếu

Hủ tiếu or Hủ tíu is a Sino-Vietnamese-Cambodian dish eaten in Vietnam as breakfast. It may be served either as a soup (hủ tiếu nước) or dry with no broth (hủ tiếu khô).

Hủ tiếu is popular in Southern Vietnam, especially in Saigon. The primary ingredients of this dish are pork bones, mixed with diverse kinds of noodles, herbs and other kind of meats.

In the cuisine of Southern Vietnam, phở is usually served with hủ tiếu Mỹ Tho–like noodles called bánh phở tươi instead of the wider bánh phở khô or bánh phở tươi popular in the cuisine of Northern Vietnam.

Hủ tiếu was featured in Master Chef US 2013, where Gordon Ramsay mentioned it being on the top of his list and tasked the contestants to prepare a bowl of hủ tiếu. The noodle dish also appeared on the TV show Gordon's Great Escape in 2010-2011, where Ramsay tried the noodle dish in Cai Rang floating market in Can Tho.

Origin
Hủ tiếu, first known as kuyteav, originated from the Chinese Cambodian cuisine of the Teochews who came to Cambodia from Guangdong province in China and then emigrated to Vietnam during the 1970s. Hủ tiếu Nam Vang (lit. 'Phnom Penh rice noodle soup') is the classic variation of the dish in which the rice noodles have a softer texture and flat appearance like phở. In Southern Vietnam, the noodles were recreated producing a chewy noodle texture commonly seen in hủ tiếu noodles nowadays.

The word hủ tiếu came from the Teochew dialect 粿條 (guê2diou5 or kway teow).

Ingredients
Hủ tiếu mainly consists of pork bone broth, noodles, and various types of toppings, including meat and other garnishes.

Noodles
There are different types of noodles for hủ tiếu, such as soft rice noodles, egg noodles, or chewy tapioca noodles. The tapioca noodles are chewier and more translucent and are used in hu tieu my tho, and they are called hủ tiếu dai (chewy hủ tiếu).

Broth
The broth is often made of pork bones, dried squid and dried shrimp. For hủ tiếu made in Southern Vietnam, the broth is made to be a little sweet to match with Southern Vietnamese's taste. Hu Tieu can be eaten dry (no broth), or wet (with broth), or the noodle dish can be served dry with a bowl of hot broth on the side.

Toppings
There are various types of toppings, such as sautéed ground pork, sliced pork liver, pork intestines, poached shrimps, Chinese celery and chives, sautéed garlic and shallots. Not all of these ingredients need to be present and one can switch or add toppings depending on their taste, making different hủ tiếu dishes such as hu tieu my tho which includes seafood.

Dipping sauce
The dipping sauces served with Hủ Tíu are soy sauce, black or red vinegar, shacha sauce, thinly sliced chili peppers, and chili garlic sauce. For Hủ Tíu Nam Vang (a Cambodian-style Hủ Tíu), there is also pickled garlic and minced garlic sauce.

Variations
Popular varieties of hủ tiếu include: Hủ tiếu gõ (gõ means knocking) is a street food version of hủ tiếu. It has this name because the vendors often travel around local areas on pushcart vehicles (xe đẩy) and announce themselves by knocking two metal bars together.
 * Hủ tiếu Nam Vang ("Hu tieu Phnom Penh") – comes from Phnom Penh-style kuyteav originally prepared at the city's Old Market
 * Hủ tiếu sa tế ("Shacha hu tieu") – based on the Teochew dish
 * Hủ tiếu Mỹ Tho –  served on prawns, octopus, cuttlefish, and snails on thin, white rice noodles
 * Hủ tiếu Sa Đéc –  served on white rice noodles