HLA-C

HLA-C (Human Leukocyte Antigen-C) belongs to the MHC class I heavy chain receptors. The C receptor is a heterodimer consisting of a HLA-C mature gene product and β2-microglobulin. The mature C chain is anchored in the membrane. MHC Class I molecules, like HLA-C, are expressed in nearly all cells, and present small peptides to the immune system which surveys for non-self peptides.

HLA-C is a locus on chromosome 6, which encodes for many HLA-C alleles that are Class-I MHC receptors. HLA-C, localized proximal to the HLA-B locus, is located on the distal end of the HLA region. Most HLA-C:B haplotypes are in strong linkage disequilibrium and many are as ancient as the human species itself.

By serotype
Cw1: multinodular goiters

By allele
C*16: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Nomenclature
C*01 C*02 C*03 C*04 C*05 C*06 C*07 C*08 Others
 * Cw1 serotype: C*01:02 and C*01:09
 * Cw11
 * C*01:04 to *01:08
 * Cw2 serotype: C*02:02 and *02:08
 * C*02:03 to *02:07, and 02:09
 * Cw9 serotype: C*03:03
 * Cw10 serotype: C*03:02, *03:04, and *03:06
 * Cw3 serotype: C*03:07
 * C*03:05 and 03:08
 * Cw4 serotype: C*0401, *0407, and *0410
 * Cw5 serotype: C*05:01 and *05:02
 * C*05:03 to *05:06 and *05:08 to *05:10
 * Cw6 serotype: C*06:02 and *06:05
 * C*06:03, *06:04 and *06:06 to *06:11
 * Cw7 serotype: C*07:01 to *07:06, *07:12, *07:14, *07:16
 * C*07:07 to *07:11, *07:13, *07:15, and *07:17 to *07:29
 * Cw8 serotype: C*08:01, *08:02 and *08:03
 * C*08:05 to *08:12
 * C*12:02 to *12:15
 * C*14:02 to *14:05
 * C*15:01 to *15:11
 * C*16:01 to *16:06
 * C*17:01 to *17:03
 * C*18:01 and *18:02

Common haplotype
Cw4-B35 (Western Africa to Native Americans) Cw7-B7 (Western Eurasia, South Africa) Cw7-B8 (Western Eurasia) Cw1-B46 (China, Indochina) Cw5-B44 (Western Eurasia)

Interactions
HLA-C has been shown to interact with:
 * KIR2DL1,
 * Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family:
 * particularly the activating receptor LILRA1
 * LILRA3