Hallingmål-Valdris

Hallingmål-Valdris (also known by the individual names Halling, Hallingdøl, or Valdresmål) is a group of Norwegian dialects traditionally spoken in the traditional districts Hallingdal, Buskerud and Valdres, Oppland.

Consonants

 * is usually realized as a prestopped nasal, while the allophone only occurs in words like baren  "the bar".
 * also has a prestopped realization.
 * The phoneme which is commonly called thick L (written in IPA), exists in words that had either $\langlel\rangle$ or $\langlerð\rangle$ in Old Norse. In Vang,  occurs only in the first case.
 * The consonant clusters $\langlesk\rangle$, $\langleskj\rangle$, and $\langlesj\rangle$ were not pronounced as, only $\langle-rs-\rangle$ was. Sørbygdi in Flå pronounces $\langlesj\rangle$ as , while Gulsvik pronounces it as.
 * The consonant clusters $\langlesl\rangle$ and $\langletl\rangle$ were mostly assimilated to . Hol and Ål assimilated these to, and Sørbygdi in Flå assimilated $\langlesl\rangle$ to.
 * The clusters $\langle-ld\rangle$, $\langle-nd\rangle$ and $\langle-mb\rangle$ are pronounced as spelled.
 * The Old Norse cluster $\langle-fn\rangle$ is pronounced as assimilated or.

Vowels

 * The back vowels and  in older Hallingmål-Valdris were pronounced as in Old Norse, without the vowel shift to, respectively,  and  that is found in most other Norwegian dialects.
 * The short Old Norse vowels $\langleo\rangle$ and $\langleö\rangle$ are pronounced as central almost everywhere, except for Ål (but not Torpo), where these are back . In Valdres (except for Vang), the schwa  can also be realized as.
 * Traditionally, were pronounced as open-mid.
 * The words pronounced and  mean "I" and "am", respectively.
 * Itacism is found in southern Hallingdal (Flå, Nes and some in Gol), making the vowel to be unrounded to.
 * The Old Norse diphthongs $\langleei\rangle$, $\langleey\rangle$ and $\langleau\rangle$ are traditionally pronounced as, ( in southern Hallingdal) and . This is occurs today especially in upper Valdres and Hol and Ål.