Helsingborg

Helsingborg, is a city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania (Skåne), Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö) and ninth-largest in Sweden, with a population of 113,816 (2020). Helsingborg is the central urban area of northwestern Scania and Sweden's closest point to Denmark: the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km to the west on the other side of the Øresund.

Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.

History
Helsingborg is one of the oldest cities of what is now Sweden. It has been the site of permanent settlement officially since 21 May 1085. Helsingborg's geographical position at the narrowest part of Øresund made it very important for Denmark, at that time controlling both sides of that strait. From 1429 Eric of Pomerania introduced the Sound Dues, a levy on all trading vessels passing through the sound between Helsingør and Helsingborg. This was one of the main sources of income for the Danish Crown. Crossing traffic, like fishermen, were not subject to the tax, which was initially directed against the Hanseatic League.Following the Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658) and the Treaty of Roskilde Denmark had to give up all territory on the southern Scandinavian peninsula, and Helsingborg became part of Sweden. King Charles X Gustav of Sweden landed here on 5 March 1658 to take personal possession of the Scanian lands and was met by a delegation led by the bishop of the Diocese of Lund, Peder Winstrup. At that time the town had a population of barely 1,000 people.

Its situation on a conflict-ridden border caused problems for Helsingborg. Denmark recaptured Scania twice, but could not hold it. The last Danish attempt to regain Scania was in 1710, when 14,000 men landed on the shores near Helsingborg. The Battle of Helsingborg was fought on 10 March just outside the city, which was badly affected. It took a long time to recover; even in 1770 the city had only 1,321 inhabitants and was still growing slowly.

On 20 October 1811, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France and crown prince-elect of Sweden (later King Charles XIV John) took his first step on Swedish soil in Helsingborg on his journey from Paris to Stockholm.

From the middle of the 19th century onwards, Helsingborg was one of the fastest-growing cities of Sweden, increasing its population from 4,000 in 1850 to 20,000 in 1890 and 56,000 in 1930 due to industrialization. From 1892, a train ferry was put in service, connecting Helsingborg with its Danish sister city Helsingør. A tramway network was inaugurated in 1903 and closed down in 1967.

Following the Swedish orthography reform of 1906, the spelling of many place names in Sweden was modernized. In 1912, it was decided to use the form Hälsingborg. In preparation for the local government reform in 1971, Hälsingborg city council proposed that the new, enlarged municipality should be spelled Helsingborg; this form was adopted by the government of Sweden from 1 January 1971.

In World War II, Helsingborg was among the most important drop-off points for the rescue of Denmark's Jewish population during the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler had ordered that all Danish Jews were to be arrested and deported to the concentration camps on Rosh HaShanah, the Jewish New Year which fell on 2 October 1943. When Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz, a German maritime attaché received word of the order on 28 September 1943, he shared it with political and Jewish community leaders. Using the name Elsinore Sewing Club (Danish: Helsingør Syklub) as a cover for messages, the Danish population formed an Underground Railroad of sorts, moving Jews away from the closely watched Copenhagen docks to spots farther away, especially Helsingør, just two miles across the Øresund from Helsingborg. Hundreds of civilians hid their fellow Danish citizens—Jews—in their houses, farm lofts and churches until they could board them onto Danish fishing boats, personal pleasure boats and ferry boats. In the span of three nights, Danes had smuggled over 7200 Jews and 680 non-Jews (gentile family members of Jews or political activists) across the Øresund, to safety in Sweden, with one of the main destinations at Helsingborg.

Climate
Helsingborg has an oceanic climate (Cfb) typical of southern Sweden, although its winters are very mild for a location at such a high latitude. Although the temperature differences between seasons are significant, Helsingborg often lacks a meteorological winter with both January and February averaging just above the freezing point in terms of mean temperatures. Summers are warm and comparatively long by Swedish standards, with summer arriving earlier and fall later than virtually all areas of Sweden, aside from other parts of Skåne. Helsingborg & nearby surroundings also have a history with being hit by tornadoes. On 8 August 1947, a High-end F1/T3 Tornado hit the Ramlösa district of Helsingborg, causing moderate damage to a farm. Greenhouses were damaged or destroyed, a stall sustained deroofing, a shed were blown away & a tree were snapped. On 16 August 2007, downtown Helsingborg were impacted by an F1 Tornado, damaging a school & snapping trees. On 22 June 2014, a Waterspout was observed outside Helsingborg. On 27 August 2018, the Eskilsminne district of Helsingborg were hit by an F0 Tornado. Some roofs sustained minor damage.

Demographics
113,816 live in the city of Helsingborg as of 2020, up from 104,250 inhabitants in 2015. 149,280 live in the municipality, with the city being by far the most populated one. Helsingborg is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö) and ninth-largest in Sweden.

Subdivisions
The City of Helsingborg is subdivided into 31 districts.

Industry
Helsingborg is a major regional centre of trade, transport and business. In 2001 Campus Helsingborg, a branch of University of Lund, opened in the former Tretorn rubber factory buildings, founded by Henry Dunker. Three ferry companies take people and cargo to and from Denmark around the clock. The route is popular with day-trippers going to Helsingør or Copenhagen, or simply enjoying the views from the ferries. IKEA, the retailer of furniture and home interiors, has its international corporate headquarters in Helsingborg. Nicorette, the nicotine chewing gum, has a manufacturing plant there. Ramlösa is a mineral water from Ramlösa Brunn, a southern suburb of the city. Mobile phone developer Spectronic is also situated in Helsingborg. The online custom clothing retailer Tailor Store Sweden AB has its offices in Helsingborg. Zoégas, a major coffee company, has been located here since the 1800s.

Cuisine
The beverage espresso and tonic first appeared on a menu in the city, at the coffeehouse Koppi Roasters in 2007.

Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Helsingborg:

• Stattena IF

• Helsingborgs IF

• FC Helsingborg

• Helsingborgs HC

• Hittarps IK

• Högaborgs BK

• Ramlösa Södra FF

• HRC Gripen

• Helsingborg MCK

• FC Drottninghög

• Eskilsminne IF

• Helsingborgs FRK

• Kullavägens BK

• Helsingborg BBK

The Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) and World Bowling Tour (WBT) have jointly hosted a ten-pin bowling event in Sweden since 2017 called the Lucky Larsen Masters. Olympia Bowling in Helsingborg hosted the event in 2019, and is scheduled to host again in September 2023.

Notable people
• Hasse Alfredson, comedian

• Louise Hansson, World champion swimmer

• Marianne Bernadotte, former fashion model and actress

• Boel Berner, sociologist, historian, and editor

• Nick Bostrom, philosopher

• Kalle Brink, professional golfer

• Fabian Brunnström, ice hockey player

• Dieterich Buxtehude, composer and organist

• Elsa Collin, actress

• Covenant, synth band

• Darkane, metal band

• Elegant Machinery, synth band

• Pontus Farnerud, football player

• Linn Grant, professional golfer

• Louise Friberg, professional golfer

• Maja Ivarsson, lead singer of rock band The Sounds

• Joseph B. Johnson, Governor of the U.S. State of Vermont

• Alexander Kačaniklić, football player

• Karl Kruszelnicki, scientist (Dr Karl)

• Henrik Larsson, football player

• Ann Linde, former Swedish foreign minister

• Hampus Lindholm, ice hockey player

• Johan Liiva, musician

• Andreas Lilja, ice hockey player

• Mikael Lundberg, golfer

• Mats Magnusson, football player

• Gunnar Nilsson, formula one driver

• Roland Nilsson, football player

• Tina Nordström, chef

• Thomas Öberg, lead singer of bob hund

• Oscar Olsson, educationalist

• Anette Olzon, singer

• Lina Perned, actress

• Peps Persson, musician

• Nils Poppe, comedian

• Ruben Rausing, founder of Tetra Pak

• Eva Rydberg, comedian

• Eric Saade, musician, presenter

• Marcus Schossow, electronic DJ

• Caroline Seger, football player

• Jay Smith, singer

• Soilwork, metal band

• Kalle Svensson, football player

• Terror 2000, metal band

• Tobias Tornkvist (born 1994), ice hockey player

• Tove Lo, singer-songwriter

• Velvet, singer

• Östen Warnerbring, musician

• The Wasted Penguinz, Pontus Bergman & Jon Brandt-Cederhäll

• Johan Wissman, athlete