Himno de Riego

The "Himno de Riego" ("Anthem of Riego") is a song dating from the Trienio Liberal (1820–1823) of Spain and named in honour of Colonel Rafael del Riego, a figure in the respective uprising, which restored the liberal constitution of 1812. The lyrics were written by Evaristo Fernández de San Miguel, while the music is typically attributed to José Melchor Gomis.

It was declared the national anthem of Spain in 1822, remaining so until the overthrow of the liberal government the next year in 1823, and was also one of the popular anthems used in the First Spanish Republic (1873–1874) and, with much more prominence, the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). It continued to be used by the Second Republican government in exile until it was dissolved in 1977 upon the end of the Francoist Spanish State in 1975.

History
The "Himno de Riego" was written between 31 January and 6 February 1820 in the town of Algeciras by Evaristo Fernández de San Miguel, lieutenant colonel of the flying column headed by Rafael del Riego, who had previously rejected another text by Antonio Alcalá Galiano.

It was declared the official national anthem of Spain on 7 April 1822 when the Cortes Generales approved the corresponding decree, which was signed by King Fernando VII in Aranjuez two days later and finally published in the Gaceta de Madrid on 14 April. However, the liberal government was overthrown and the constitution repealed by Fernando VII in October 1823, with the Marcha Real resuming its role as the national anthem.

In the First Republic of 1873 to 1874, part of the greater 1868–1874 Sexenio Democrático achieved by the overthrow of Isabella II in the Glorious Revolution, the anthem occupied a discreet position; the most popular anthems used at this time were "La Marseillaise" and the "Himno de Garibaldi". However, by the time of the Second Republic of 1931 to 1939, the anthem had once again gained popularity to the point of becoming the primary institutional representative of the government during this period.

Contrary to popular belief, the "Himno de Riego" was never declared the official anthem of the Second Republic. According to one opinion, it can be deduced that the republicans did not consider the 1822 declaration of the song as the national anthem superseded or repealed.

Original lyrics (1820–1823)
The following is the original version used during the Trienio Liberal (1820–1823).

First short version (1931–1939)
The following is the version used during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). It consisted of verses one, three and seven of the original version, with a few minor lyrical changes.

Second short version
The following version consists of the first and last verses of the original, with a few minor lyrical changes.

Satirical lyrics
This alternative version was extremely popular amongst Spaniards, particularly in Catalonia, during the Spanish Civil War. The rudeness of the lyrics reflects the dislike of Republican Spain for the church and the monarchy. After the war, these lyrics continued to be sung by Franco's detractors and enemies.

(Spanish) Si los curas y frailes supieran, la paliza que les van a dar, subirían al coro cantando: "¡Libertad, libertad, libertad!"

(Spanish) Si los Reyes de España supieran lo poco que van a durar, a la calle saldrían gritando: "¡Libertad, libertad, libertad!"

(Catalan) La Reina vol corona? Corona li darem... que vingui a Barcelona I el coll li tallarem!$$

(Spanish) Un hombre estaba cagando, y no tenía papel, pasó el Rey Alfonso XIII ¡Y se limpió el culo con él!  If priests and monks knew; the beating they're going to receive, they'd make a chorus and sing: "Liberty, liberty, liberty!"

If the Kings of Spain knew how little they're going to last, they'd go out on the street and sing: "Liberty, liberty, liberty!"

The queen wants a crown? We'll give her a crown... Let her come to Barcelona And we'll cut her head off!

A man was pooping But had no paper. King Alfonso XIII came by So he wiped his ass with him.

$$Spanish translation of Catalan verse ¿La reina quiere corona? Corona le daremos que venga a Barcelona ¡Y el cuello le cortaremos!

1952 Cusco Cathedral bell dedication ceremony
Che Guevara claims that, when the famous bell of the Cusco Cathedral in Peru was rededicated at the expense of the Francoist Spanish government after a 1950 earthquake, the bell was made to play the Spanish national anthem, which then erroneously played the Himno de Riego, to the consternation of attending Spanish officials.

1968 European championship controversy
On October 1, 1967, during the qualifying stage for the European championship in Prague, the "Himno de Riego" was performed by mistake instead of the then official anthem of Spain "Marcha Real".

2003 Davis Cup controversy
At the 2003 Davis Cup finals held in Australia, James Morrison performed "Himno de Riego" instead of Spain's current national anthem, the "Marcha Real" (Royal March). Australian tennis officials claimed there was an error on the CD provided to the musician, but Spanish sport authorities still issued an official protest.