Hybrid camel

The hybrid camel is a domestic camelid hybrid between a Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and dromedary (Camelus dromedarius). It is the offspring of a male Bactrian camel and a female dromedary.

Names
Hybrid camels have different names depending on zone and language. Some names include Turkoman, tülu, bukht, nar, iner, iver, majen, bertuar, yaml, dromano, and dromel.

Tülu
A tülu camel is a breed of camel that results from mating a male Bactrian camel with a female dromedary. This breed is sometimes called an F1 hybrid camel. The resulting camel is larger than either a Bactrian or a dromedary, and has traditionally been used as a draft animal. This breed of camel is also the breed used in the sport of camel wrestling. Tülu camels have one large hump.

Khorasan
Khorasan camels are a double-humped sturdy crossbreed between Arabian and Central Asian species. They were common in the caravans of ancient Persia.

Characteristics
Generally, a Camelus bactrianus × Camelus dromedarius hybrid is called an F1. It usually has a single large hump, sometimes slightly divided, and is larger than both parents, reaching 230 cm at the shoulder and up to 1000 kg. This type of camel is extremely strong and is useful for hard work such as plowing and carrying loads. It is generally docile, tame and fertile. It was also used in war by the Ottoman Turks.

Pure camel hybrids are mostly found in Russia, Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey; but they can be found in Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan as well.

The F1 can be further hybridized. An F1 female can mate with a male Bactrian camel: the result is a B1 backcross Bactrian. It generally has two humps and is faster than a common Bactrian and stronger than a dromedary. It can walk over snow, ice, and mud and is suitable even for mountain trails; this type can be found mostly in Kazakhstan.

When an F1 female mates with a dromedary, the result is an B1 backcross dromedary, a slightly stronger dromedary and a rare type nowadays.

Other camelid hybridizations

 * Cama, a hybrid with camel and llama.
 * Huarizo, a cross between male llama and female alpaca
 * Llamanaco, a cross between guanaco and llama has been reported in the wild in the Magallanes Region of Chile.
 * Pacovicuña, a cross between alpaca and vicuña.