Hydaspitherium

Hydaspitherium is an extinct genus of giraffid artiodactyls that lived during the Cenozoic era during the Miocene epoch to the Pliocene epoch in Pakistan. Giraffids are represented in the late Miocene epoch of the Siwaliks by large Sivatheriinae such as Sivatherium, Bramatherium, Helladotherium, and Hydaspitherium. Hydaspitherium has been proposed to be synonymous with Bramatherium. H. megacephalum is restricted to the Dhok Pathan Formation (33.6°N, 72.5°W, paleocoordinates 30.9°N, 73.9°W) in northern Pakistan.

Species
Four separate species of Hydaspitherium were described more than a century ago, but concluded that their differences can be explained as sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability: H. birmanicum  is based on a single right upper molar. H. grande and H. magnum (Pilgrim 1910) are only slightly larger than H. megacephalum and the variation in dentition does not support separate taxa. Bhatti et al. 2012 accepted two species in the Siwaliks: the smaller H. megacephalum and the larger H. grande until more material has been collected.