Israel–Malta relations

Israeli-Maltese relations are the official relations between the State of Israel and the Republic of Malta. Israel and Malta have maintained mixed relations since ties were established in 1965, with an extended period of tension in between 1973 and 1987. Israel-Malta relations encompass the diplomatic, economic, and cultural interactions between the State of Israel and the Republic of Malta. Despite the geographical distance that separates these two nations, their bilateral relationship has evolved over time, reflecting shared interests, diplomatic initiatives, and the pursuit of mutual cooperation.

History
Jews have resided in Malta since antiquity, a Jewish community is attested on the islands by the 4th-5th century. Jews prospered in Malta prior to being expelled in 1492, and a community could only re-establish itself after 1798 under British rule. In the 19th and 20th century, the Jewish community in Malta welcomed Jewish refugees from Italy and Central Europe, escaping Nazi persecution. Today, a small community of around 300 remains well established on the islands.

The first Jew or Israeli to have set foot on Malta is traditionally considered to be Paul of Tarsus, an Israelite who was from the Roman province of Judea, in modern Israel, whose ship according to the legend foundered there in 62 CE.

Six burial sites with carved menorahs in the Rabat catacombs (each with a dozen tombs) indicate that Jews lived side by side with Christians and pagans in Malta during the 4th and 5th centuries, during late Roman and then Byzantine times. The community, led by a council of elders (gerousia), could have gathered up to 300 persons.

Early engagements
Israel and Malta were both part of the British Empire (as Mandatory Palestine and British Malta respectively) during the early 20th century. The 1922 census of Palestine lists 38 Maltese speakers in Mandatory Palestine (12 in Jerusalem-Jaffa and 26 in the Northern District), including 33 in municipal areas (4 in Jerusalem, 2 in Jaffa, 21 in Haifa, 5 in Nazareth, and 1 in Beit Jala).

The foundation for diplomatic interactions between Israel and Malta was laid in the aftermath of World War II and the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. Malta, a member of the Commonwealth, maintained a policy of neutrality during the Arab-Israeli conflict. This neutrality allowed for diplomatic engagements to occur without significant hindrance, even during times of regional tension.

Establishment of diplomatic ties
Formal diplomatic relations between Israel and Malta were officially established on July 16, 1965. This historic milestone marked the recognition of each other's sovereignty and the commitment to diplomatic engagement. The establishment of embassies in Tel Aviv and Valletta further solidified the foundation of their bilateral ties, providing tangible symbols of the relationship's significance.

1970-1989 (challenges and cooperation)
The 1970s and 1980s presented both challenges and opportunities for Israel-Malta relations. The ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict and international pressures influenced the diplomatic landscape of the region. While strains arose due to differing perspectives, both nations sought avenues for cooperation, particularly in trade and tourism. Throughout these decades, diplomatic dialogue remained open, highlighting the commitment to maintaining communication despite external challenges.

1990-2000 (expanding cooperation)
The 1990s marked a pivotal era in Israel-Malta relations. The end of the Cold War and the Oslo Accords brought renewed attention to the Middle East peace process. During this period, Malta demonstrated a commitment to contributing to regional stability and supporting efforts for a comprehensive peace agreement. As a result, collaboration between the two nations expanded into areas such as technology, agriculture, and culture, reflecting the evolving nature of their diplomatic relationship.

2000-present
The 21st century witnessed a growing recognition of the potential benefits of closer ties between Israel and Malta. Both nations grew closer with the accession of Malta to the European Union in 2004. The two nations explored opportunities for economic cooperation, joint research projects, and cultural exchanges. The relationship extended beyond traditional areas of collaboration, encompassing counterterrorism efforts and joint responses to global humanitarian challenges. This era highlighted the mutual commitment to addressing shared concerns on the international stage.

Malta's relations with Israel have been existed since the former's independence. A direct flight from Tel Aviv brings up to 300 Israeli tourists to Malta each time.

The local flat bread (ftira) and the traditional Maltese loaf (Ħobż) are both kosher.

Judaism, along with Hinduism, is recognized as a cult but not as a religion in Malta. In 2010, Jewish and Hindu groups in Malta urged Pope Benedict XVI to intervene to ensure that Malta treats all religions equally before the law.

In 2013 the Chabad Jewish Center in Malta was founded by Rabbi Haim Shalom Segal and his wife, Haya Moshka Segal.

Several common Maltese surnames are of Jewish origin, including Ellul, Cohen, Azzopardi, Meli, Deguara, Tabone, Lia, Cassar, and Said.

Economic and cultural exchanges
Economic cooperation has been a significant aspect of Israel-Malta relations. While the volume of trade might not be as substantial as with other partners, the two nations have sought avenues for economic collaboration. Joint ventures, trade agreements, and partnerships in various sectors have contributed to the strengthening of their economic ties.

Cultural exchanges and people-to-people connections have further enriched the bilateral relationship. Academic institutions, cultural organizations, and individuals from both nations have engaged in cross-cultural interactions, fostering mutual understanding and empathy. These exchanges have played a role in deepening the appreciation of each other's history, traditions, and values.

Humanitarian cooperation
Israel and Malta have demonstrated their commitment to global humanitarian efforts through joint cooperation. In times of natural disasters and crises, both nations have offered assistance and support to affected populations. This shared commitment to humanitarian aid has not only showcased their compassion but has also served to strengthen the bonds between the two nations.