Jakkur Bengaluru inscriptions

Jakkur, a suburb in Bengaluru is an old locality that has an historicity of about 700 years. The locality is home to four inscriptions and several hero stones. The earliest inscriptions of the area can be paleographically dated to 9th - 10th century CE. These inscriptions also indicate that Jakkur Lake, regarded as one of the biggest lakes of Bangalore, existed as old as seven centuries ago.

Two hero stones, one a self-sacrifice memorial stone from the 14th century and another a Maha-Satistone from the 16th-17th centuries are also found at Jakkur.

Jakkur 1432 CE God Allalanatha inscription
It is a Kannada inscription which records the donation of a Garuda pillar to an Allalanatha temple in 1432 CE. As the letters of the inscription are worn out, the full inscription cannot be deciphered.

Discovery and dating
The inscription was discovered in December 2021 by the side of a road by citizen researchers K R Narasimhan and Dhanpal Manchenahalli. Subsequently, the inscription was shifted to nearby ground. It can be precisely dated to April 10 1432 CE according to the Julian calendar as it mentions the date as "jayābhyudaya varuṣa 1354 paridāvi saṃ cayitra su 10".

Transliteration of the inscription
The inscription consists of 9 lines. The transliterated text of the inscription in Kannada and IAST are as follows:

Jakkur 1000 CE Kalnadu inscription
It is a Kannada inscription paleographically dated to the 10th century CE that documents the donation of a village to a Sanjayappa, the villages that were donated to the family of martyrs who died protecting the village or the kingdom was called as kalnad/kalnatu. The inscription documents a word "Jakkiyu" which either might be the old name of Jakkur or a substitute word for "Yakshi" name of Jakkur. This inscription was discovered by researchers K. R. Narasimhan and P. L. Udaya Kumar in 2017.

Transliteration of the inscription
The inscription is of 6 lines and the transliterated text of the inscription is as follows,

Translation
Kalnadu was given to Sanjapayya of Sunnadu (small country) Jakkur, He who destroyed it the inscription records the curse that Kavile was killed in Varanasi.

Jakkur 10th Century Prashasti inscription
It is a Kannada inscription paleographically dated to the 10th century CE and is a significant epigraphic record found in the village of Jakkur. The inscription records a conflict between Ballavathirayanna, the ruler of Navalakka, and Birudasedeva of Gubetta, it also documents that Jakkuru village belonged to Gangavadi thombattaru savira, an administrative division that came into existence since the Western Gangas.

Discovery and dating
This inscription was discovered by KR Narasimhan and Dhanapal Manchenahalli which was lying in a field partially buried, subsequently with the cooperation of locals Srikanthappa, Ravigowda, Nagarajappa and Srinivas, it was shifted to KV Bhairegowda Kalamandir. The inscription is paleographically dated to the 10th century CE.

Transliteration of the inscription
The inscription is of 5 lines, and the transliterated text of the inscription in Kannada and IAST is as follows

Jakkur 1342 CE Honnamarayanayaka Donation Inscription
It is one of the significant inscriptions that help in constructing the history of Jakkur. It is a Kannada inscription that records the donation of tax-exempt irrigated, rain-fed, pastoral and waste lands of Jakkur belonging to the dominion of Honnamaranayaka, a local feudal lord, to the nad senabhova (ನಾಡ ಸೇನಭೋವ) Allala, nad senabhova were a rank of tax officers responsible for collecting tax of a village. The area during the time was ruled by the Hoysala king Veeraballala III from his capital, Unnamale pattana, the historical name of Tiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu. The symbols of sun and moon engraved on the stone indicates the eternity of the donation, common representation in historical indian motifs The inscription also mentions several unique ranks in the administration of the time, mahapasayita (kan ಮಹಾಪಸಾಯಿತ), officer close to the king and responsible for managing palace affairs, Yakkatiga (kan ಯಕ್ಕಟಿಗ), special bodyguards to the king.

Discovery and dating
The inscription was first documented in Volume 9 of Epigraphia carnatica by B.L Rice, subsequently it was re-discovered by historians in 2017. The inscription can be precisely dated to October 5, 1342 CE according to the Julian calendar as the corresponding date from the Hindu calendar is mentioned.

Transliteration of the inscription
The text reads as follows