Jean Alexander Heinrich Clapier de Colongue

Jean Alexander Heinrich Clapier de Colongue (Ivan Petrovich de-Kolong; Иван Петрович де-Колонг; Johans Aleksandrs Heinrihs Klapje de Kolongs) (6 March 1838–26 May 1901) was a Baltic German marine engineer and founder of a theory of magnetic deviation for magnetic compasses, living and working in Imperial Russia.

Biography
Ivan Petrovich de Collong was born in 1839 in Dünaburg (now Daugavpils) into a Baltic German noble family originally of Franco-Portuguese origin. He studied at the Naval Academy in Saint Petersburg and from 1870 he worked there as a lecturer. Starting in 1878 he was head of the Navy's Main Hydrographical Administration. In 1875, he constructed a deflector (a new type of compass baffle) and later improved upon its design.

De Collong was a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (from 1896) and a Major-General of the Imperial Russian Navy. He was awarded the Lomonosov Prize by the Russian Academy of Sciences.