Johanna Döbereiner

Johanna Liesbeth Kubelka Döbereiner (28 November 1924 – 5 October 2000) was a Brazilian agronomist and pioneer in soil biology.

Biography
Döbereiner was born in Ústí nad Labem, in what was the Republic of Czechoslovakia, which is now the Czech Republic on the 28 November 1924. Her family were German Czechoslovakians from Aussig in Bohemia, which at the time of their birth was the Austria–Hungary Empire, who left their country after World War II. Her father was Professor Paul Kubelka and her mother Margarethe Kubelka. Her name Döbereiner came from her husband Jürgen Döbereiner, who she met in Munich. Interestingly, her name became similar to the famous chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, who was born in Hof, Bavaria, in the border with Bohemia.

Johanna Döbereiner received her degree from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, but settled in Brazil and became a Brazilian citizen in 1956. Her early work includes studies of Azospirillum and other bacteria that could be useful to Brazilian soil. She later played an important role in Brazil's soybean production by encouraging a reliance on varieties that solely depended on biological nitrogen fixation.

As a consequence of her research and ideas, numerous soybean plantations in Brazil are now completely supplied for nitrogen (N) by rhizobia and not using any N-fertilizers. This movement has had big benefits, because Brazil, together with the U.S., are the main producers of soybean in the world (ca. 50% world production). Considering that soybeans are one of the most important global sources of protein (mainly fed to animals that in turn becomes animal protein for human consumption), this implies that significant amount of global protein comes from an ecological biological process without the use of industrial chemical fertilizers.

This was one of the reasons that Johanna Döbereiner was indicated for the Nobel Prize in the 1990s.

The Johanna Döbereiner Biological Resources Center was named in her honour in 2017.