John Oliver Hobbes

Pearl Mary Teresa Richards (November 3, 1867 – August 13, 1906) was an Anglo-American novelist and dramatist who wrote under the pen-name of John Oliver Hobbes. Though her work fell out of print in the twentieth century, her first book Some Emotions and a Moral was a sensation in its day, selling eighty thousand copies in only a few weeks.

Early years
Pearl Mary Teresa Richards, born in Boston, Massachusetts, was the eldest daughter of the businessman John Morgan Richards and his wife Laura Hortense Arnold. Her father had Calvinist roots and her grandfather was a Presbyterian minister. The family moved to London soon after her birth, and she was educated in London and Paris.

Beginnings
When she was nineteen, she married Reginald Walpole Craigie, by whom she had one son, John Churchill Craigie. The unhappy marriage was dissolved on her petition in July 1895. She was brought up as a Nonconformist, but in 1892 she was received into the Roman Catholic Church, where she remained, until her death, a devout and serious member. Her successful career as a novelist and playwright also made her a popular socialite with associates as diverse as George Tyrrell, Aubrey Beardsley, and George Moore, who had been her lover.

Career
Her first book, the brief, epigrammatic Some Emotions and a Moral, was published in 1891 in T. Fisher Unwin's Pseudonym Library. With its accounts of unhappy marriage and infidelity, it was an immediate hit. Following it were similarly bohemian novels like The Sinner's Comedy (1892), A Study in Temptations (1893), A Bundle of Life (1894), and The Gods, Some Mortals, and Lord Wickenham. The Herb Moon (1896), a country love story, was followed by The School for Saints (1897), with a sequel, Robert Orange (1900).

Her novels were ridiculed in a contemporary verse:
 * John Oliver Hobbes,
 * with your spasms and throbs,
 * How does your novel grow?
 * With cynical sneers
 * at young Love and his tears,
 * And epigrams all in a row.

Richards had already written a one-act proverb, Journeys end in Lovers Meeting, produced by Ellen Terry in 1894, and a three-act tragedy, Osbern and Ursyne, printed in the Anglo-Saxon Review (1899), when her successful piece, The Ambassador, was produced at the St James's Theatre in 1898. A Repentance (one act, 1899) and The Wisdom of the Wise (1900) were produced at the same theatre, and The Flute of Pan (1904) first at Manchester and then at the Shaftesbury Theatre; she was also part author of The Bishop's Move. (Garrick Theatre, 1902). The first Act of her play The Fool's Hour, written in collaboration with George Moore was published in Volume I of The Yellow Book, a leading journal of the 1890s associated with Decadence and Aestheticism. Later books are The Serious Wooing (1901), Love and the Soul Hunters (1902), Tales about Temperament (1902), and The Vineyard (1904).

From 1900, Richards lived and worked at her villa near her parents' home at St Lawrence, Isle of Wight. The villa, now called Craigie Lodge, bears a small commemorative plaque memorializing Richards's time there.

An account of her friendship with Father (later Bishop) William Brown, based on volumes of their correspondence, was published by M. F. Brown as The Priest and the Playwright (Pen Press, 2009).

Death
In 1906, she died suddenly of heart failure in London en route to a holiday in Scotland. She is interred in Kensal Green Cemetery. There is a memorial plaque to her in the Main Library of University College London, where she studied Greek, Latin and English Literature. It was unveiled in July 1908 by Lord Curzon of Kedleston.

Novels

 * Some Emotions and a Moral (1891)
 * The Sinner's Comedy (1892)
 * A Study in Temptations (1893)
 * A Bundle of Life (1894)
 * The Gods, Some Mortals, and Lord Wickenham (1895)
 * Some Good Intentions and a Blunder (1895)
 * The Herb-Moon: A Fantasia (1896)
 * The School for Saints (1897)
 * Robert Orange (1900)
 * The Serious Wooing: A Heart's History (1901)
 * Love and the Soul Hunters (1902)
 * The Vineyard (1904)
 * Flute of Pan: A Romance (1904)
 * The Dream and the Business (1906)

Plays

 * The Ambassador: A Comedy in Four Acts (1898)
 * Osbern and Ursyne: A Drama in Three Acts (1900)
 * The Wisdom of the Wise: A Comedy in Three Acts (1900)
 * The Bishops̕ Move: A Comedy in Three Acts (1902)

Essays

 * Imperial India: Letters from the East (1903)
 * The Artists Life (1904)
 * The Science of Life (1904)
 * Letters from a Silent Study (1904)

Collections

 * The Tales of John Oliver Hobbes (1897), containing Some Emotions and a Moral, A Study in Temptations, The Sinner's Comedy, and A Bundle of Life
 * Tales about Temperaments (1902), containing The Worm That God Prepared, 'Tis An Ill Flight Without Wings, A Repentance: A Drama in One Act (1899), Price Toto, and Journeys End In Lovers Meeting (1894) which was for Ellen Terry.
 * Life and To-morrow: Selections from the Writings of John Oliver Hobbes (1907), Arranged by Zoë Procter
 * The Life of John Oliver Hobbes Told in Her Correspondence with Numerous Friends (1911), with John Morgan Richards and Rev. Bishop Welldon