Judicial Appointments Board for Scotland

The Judicial Appointments Board for Scotland (Bòrd Dreuchdan Breithneachaidh na h-Alba) is an advisory non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government responsible for making recommendations on appointments to certain offices of the judiciary of Scotland. It was established in June 2002 on a non-statutory, ad hoc, basis by the Scottish Government, and was given statutory authority by the Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008.

All recommendations are made to the First Minister, who must consult the Lord President of the Court of Session before making a recommendation to the monarch in relation to full-time, permanent, judiciary, or before any appointments are made by Scottish Ministers to temporary or part-time judicial office.

The board does not make recommendations for, or have any in role in the appointment of, justices of the peace, whose appointments are made by Scottish Ministers on the recommendation of Justice of the Peace Advisory Committees for each sheriffdom.

History
The Judicial Appointments Board was established in June 2002 on a non-statutory, ad hoc, basis by the Scottish Government, and was given statutory authority by the Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008. The board was established on a statutory basis following criticism of its perceived lack of independence from political interference by the executive, and following the Scottish Government's consultation Strengthening Judicial Independence in a Modern Scotland.

In 2002 the board initially had equal numbers of lay and legally qualified members: 5 lay members, 3 judicial members, and 2 members from the legal profession (advocate and solicitors). The method of creating the board and appointing members was not without criticism. The Law Society of Scotland in its members' magazine Journal was critical that the appointments process did not follow procedures recommended by the Committee on Standards in Public Life, and the chair of the board is a lay member, a situation said to be "unique in Europe", where the norm is for self-governing bodies to control judicial appointments.

In 2006 Sir Neil McIntosh, chair of the board, was critical that the Scottish Executive did not put the board on a statutory footing, as is the case for the Judicial Appointments Commission in England.

The board continues to be chaired by a lay member, who is appointed to the position by the Scottish Ministers. The chairing member is appointed for a maximum of 4 years, and may be reappointed.

Process
All recommendations are made to the First Minister, who must consult the Lord President of the Court of Session before making his or her recommendation to the monarch in relation to full-time judiciary. Appointments to the offices of temporary sheriff principal, part-time sheriffs and part-time summary sheriffs are made by the Scottish Ministers.

Board members
As of January 2024 the board has 15 members, with 5 judicial members appointed by the Lord President, and 2 legal members and 8 lay members appointed by the Scottish Ministers. As of July 2024 there is a vacancy for a legal member. Judicial members include 2 appointed from the Court of Session (but may not be either the Lord President or Lord Justice Clerk), a sheriff principal, a sheriff and a Chamber President of the First-tier Tribunals of Scotland. The legal members include an advocate and a solicitor.

As of January 2024, current board members were:
 * Chairing member: Dr Lindsay Montgomery CBE FRSE
 * Lay member: Ms Emma Marriott
 * Lay member: Mrs Wilma Canning
 * Lay member: Dr Fiona McLean
 * Lay member: Mrs Liz Burnley CBE
 * Lay member: Mr Gareth Morgan QPM
 * Lay member: Mr Peter Murray
 * Judicial member: The Hon. Lady Haldane KC, Senator
 * Judicial member: The Hon. Lord Weir KC, Senator
 * Judicial member: Sheriff Principal Kate Dowdalls KC
 * Judicial member: Sheriff David Young KC
 * Judicial member: Mrs May Dunsmuir, President of the Health & Education Chamber of First-tier Tribunal for Scotland
 * Legal member: Mr Jonathan Barne, KC
 * Legal member: Mr Paul Cackette CBE
 * Legal member: Vacant

Chairing members
Chairing members are always lay members of the board, and are appointed for a period of 4 years (up to a maximum of 8 years). The chairing member receives a daily fee of £350, and is eligible to claim expenses incurred whilst on board business.

Former Judicial members
Judicial members are appointed for 4 years (up to a maximum of 8 years) and receive no fees for work undertaken, though they may claim for incurred on board business.

Former Legal members
Legal members are appointed for 4 years (up to a maximum of 8 years) and receive a fee of £290 per day of board work, and they may claim for incurred on board business.

Former Lay members
Lay members are appointed for 4 years (up to a maximum of 8 years) and receive a fee of £290 per day of board work, and they may claim for incurred on board business.

Remit
The board has a remit for making recommendations on appointments to judicial offices as specified by Section 10 of the Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008.

Judicial offices

 * Senator of the College of Justice
 * Chairman of the Scottish Land Court
 * Temporary judge of the Court of Session or High Court of Justiciary
 * Sheriff principal
 * Sheriff
 * Part-time sheriff
 * Summary sheriff
 * Part-time summary sheriff
 * Scottish Tribunals
 * Vice-President of Upper Tribunal
 * Chamber President, First-tier Tribunal
 * Deputy Chamber President, First-tier Tribunal
 * Ordinary member, First-tier or Upper Tribunal
 * Legal member, First-tier or Upper Tribunal
 * The Parole Board for Scotland

Business Management Unit
The board is supported by its Business Management Unit, which is staffed by civil servants but is independent of the Scottish Government, and is based in Edinburgh at Thistle House. The team is headed by Chief Executive, Ms Paula Stevenson.

Lay and Legal Appointments Advisors
The members of the board are supported in sifting and interviewing candidates for judicial office, and have all the powers of a lay member of the board except they cannot take part in the decision making of the board. Appointments advisors may be appointed for three years and can subsequently be re-appointed for a further three years.