Kampar Regency

Kampar is a regency (kabupaten) of Riau Province of Indonesia. The regency formerly included a much larger part of Riau Province, but on 4 October 1999 the western districts were split off to form a separate Rokan Hulu Regency, and the eastern districts were split off to form a new Pelalawan Regency. It now has an area of 11,289.28 km2 (36% of its former area) and had a population of 688,204 at the 2010 Census, and 841,332 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 860,379 (comprising 421,231 males and 439,148 females). The administrative centre of the regency is located at the town of Bangkinang.

The regency is bordered by:

The Kabun and Tandun Districts of Rokan Hulu Regency form a salient into the west side of the Kampar Regency.

Geography
The Kampar Regency covers an area of 11,289.28 km2, and is an area that lies between 1 ° 00'40 "north latitude to 0 ° 27'00" south latitude and 100 ° 28'30 "- 101 ° 14'30" east longitude. The Kampar Regency is traversed by two major rivers and several small rivers. These include the Kampar River about 413.5 km long with an average depth of 7.7 metres and an average width of 143 metres. All parts of the river are included in Kampar Regency, which includes the districts of XIII Koto Kampar, Bangkinang, Kuok (formerly Bangkinang West), Kampar, Siak Hulu, and Kampar Kiri. The other major river is the Siak River's upstream part with a length of about 90 km and an average depth of 8–12 metres across Tapung District. The major rivers located in Kampar Regency are partly still functioning well as a means of transportation, clean water sources, fish farms, as well as a source of electrical energy (hydropower Koto Panjang). Kampar Regency has a generally tropical climate, the minimum temperature occurring in November and December amounting to 21 °C. The maximum temperature occurs in July with a temperature of 35 °C. The number of rainy days in 2009, the vast majority were around Bangkinang Seberang and Kampar Kiri.

Government
Kampar was originally located in the province of Central Sumatra, established pursuant to Law No. 12 of 1956 with the capital Bangkinang. Then it was moved into Riau province, based on the Law on Emergency Number 19 Year 1957 and confirmed by Law No. 61 1958. Subsequently, for the development of the city of Pekanbaru, Kampar local government agreed to give up some of its territory for the purposes of expansion of the city of Pekanbaru, which was then confirmed by the Indonesian Government Regulation Number 19 of 1987.

In accordance with the Decree of the Governor of the Province of Riau Number: KPTS. 318VII1987 dated July 17, 1987, Kampar District consisted of 19 districts with two Vice Regent. The Vice Regent of Region I was based in Pasir Pangarayan and the Vice Regent of Region II in Pangkalan Kerinci. The Vice Regent in Region I coordinated the Districts of Rambah, Tandun, Rokan IV Koto, Kunto Darussalam, Fullness, and Tambusai, and the Vice Regent in Region 2 coordinated the Districts of Langgam, Pangkalan Kuras, Bunut and Kuala Kampar, while the other districts are not included in Regions I & II were directly under the Regent. On 4 October 1999 the Regency was officially split into three, with the former Region I becoming established as the new Rokan Hulu Regency, and the former Region II being established as the new Pelalawan Regency. Formerly consisting of 12 and then of 19 districts (kecamatan), a 20th and a 21st district have since been created.

Administrative Districts
Kampar Regency is divided into twenty-one districts (kecamatan), as a result of the reorganisation of the previous twelve districts. The districts (with their administrative centres) are tabulated below with their areas and their 2010 and 2020 Census populations, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (a total of 242 rural desa and 8 urban kelurahan), and its post code.

Notes: (a) including one kelurahan (the district admin centre). (b) 2010 population included in that for XIII Koto Kampar, from which it was split. (c) formerly named Bangkinang Barat. (d) including 2 kelurahan - Bangkinang and Langgini. (e) also called Bangkinang Seberang. (f) including 2 kelurahan - Pasir Sialang and Pulau. (g) formerly named Kampar Timur.

Demography
The Census of Kampar Regency in 2010 recorded 688,204 persons, which consisted of 354,836 males and 333,368 females. The Census in 2020 recorded 841,332 persons, which consisted of 431,295 males and 410,037 females. Sex ratio (the ratio of the male population to the female population) thus was 105.2 in 2020. The official estimate in mid 2023 was 860,379 persons, comprising 421,231 males and 439,148 females. The Kampar population are Austronesian who often refer to themselves as Ughang Ocu, spread over most of Kampar region with Tribal Domo, Malay, Piliong / Piliang, Mandailiong, Putopang, Caniago, Kampai, Bendang, etc. In history, ethnicity, customs, and their culture is close to the Minangkabau society, particularly with the Limopuluah Luhak region. This happens because the new Kampar region apart from Minang since the Japanese colonial period in 1942. According to his H.Takahashi in Japan and Eastern Asia, 1953, the Military Government Kaigun Kampar in Sumatra entered into Shio Riau region as part of a strategy of territorial defense military on the East coast of Sumatra. Furthermore, there are also little ethnic Malays who generally live in the border areas bordering East with Siak and Pelalawan. Followed by ethnic Javanese majority have settled in Kampar since the colonial period and independence through transmigration programs scattered centers of transmigration settlements. Similarly the Batak ethnic population was found in large enough quantities to work as laborers in the plantation sector and other services. Besides the significant number of migrants of other tribes from West Sumatra Minangkabau who made their living as traders and businessmen. The most densely populated district in 2023 was Kampar District with 393.5 inhabitants per km2 in mid 2022, followed by Rumbio Jaya District with 249 inhabitants per km2, Kampar Utara District with 246 inhabitants per km2 and Tambang District with 244 inhabitants per km2. The two most sparsely populated districts were Kampar Kiri Hulu with a density of 8.8 inhabitants per km2 and Kampar Kiri Hilir with 19.2 inhabitants per km2.

Religion
Kampar Regency has a resident Muslim majority, with minorities of Protestants, Catholics, Buddhists, and Hindus. Islam accounts for nearly 90% of total religious adherents throughout the regency. Subsequent Christian religions are the second largest, accounting for 8.6%. Moslems were the highest in Siak Hulu District with as many as 63,511 people in 2010, although in general, all districts in Kampar have a Muslim majority. Jami Mosque of Air Tiris is one of the oldest mosques in Kampar Regency.

Economy
Kampar Regency still has a lot of potential that can be exploited, especially in agriculture and aquaculture. Most of the population (67.22%) work in agriculture, plantation and forestry. Only a small fraction (12:22%) were working in the sector of Electricity, Gas and Water, as well as government. As one of the largest area in the province of Riau, Kampar ongoing basis to improve the facilities and infrastructure such as road network (1856.56 km), electricity (72.082 KWH) with 5 units of diesel power plant Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) in Koto length that produces energy with a capacity of 114.240 KWH connected. Other facilities also include telecommunications services (fixed line, mobile phone and internet networks) and water network with a production capacity of 1,532,284 m³. Agriculture Agriculture such as palm oil and rubber, which is one plant that is suitable for land in Kampar regency. Plantation Special plantations for palm oil plantations currently Kampar district has a land area of 241.5 thousand hectares with potential for crude palm oil (CPO) as much as 966 thousand tons. Fishery In the field of aquaculture catfish developed through cages (fish pond in the form of rafts) along the Kampar river, seen the number of cages were lined up neatly along the river kampardan the cooperation between the Government of Kampar PT. Benecom with a total investment of Rp. 30 billion of which in the future will become a center Kampar catfish with a production of 220 tonnes per day.

Tourism and culture
Kampar Regency has an estimated area of archaeological sites have been there during the Srivijaya namely Muara Takus, this region besides being a cultural heritage area is also a religious tourist destination for Buddhists. In addition Kampar Muslim community, still preserve the tradition Balimau Bakasai i.e. shower bath wash in Kampar River particularly welcome the month of Ramadan.

Then there is also the tradition that is the tradition Ma'awuo fish catch fish together (fishing ban) once a year, especially in the area of Lake Bokuok (District of Mine) and Subayang River in the village of Domo (Kampar Kiri Hulu). Kampar culture can not be separated from the influence of Minangkabau, which is identical with the title Limo Koto Kampar and formerly part of Pagaruyung. Limo Koto consists of Kuok, Salo, Bangkinang, Air Tiris and Rumbio. There are many tribal are still preserved to this day, including kinship models of maternal lines (matrilineal). The concept of custom and tradition together with the concept Minang tribe especially in Luhak Limopuluah.

Language and Music
Colloquially Kampar society similar to the Minangkabau language, or the so-called language Ocu one variant which is similar to the language used in Luhak Limopuluah. The language is different accent variants Minangkabau language spoken by the people of Luhak Agam, Tanah Datar Luhak Minangkabau and other coastal areas. In addition, Limo Koto Kampar also has some sorts of traditional musical instruments called Calempong and Oguong.