Kopp's law



Kopp's law can refer to either of two relationships discovered by the German chemist Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp (1817–1892).


 * 1) Kopp found "that the molecular heat capacity of a solid compound is the sum of the atomic heat capacities of the elements composing it; the elements having atomic heat capacities lower than those required by the Dulong–Petit law retain these lower values in their compounds."
 * 2) In studying organic compounds, Kopp found a regular relationship between boiling points and the number of CH2 groups present.

Kopp–Neumann law
The Kopp–Neumann law, named for Kopp and Franz Ernst Neumann, is a common approach for determining the specific heat C (in J·kg−1·K−1) of compounds using the following equation: $$C = \sum_{i=1}^N C_i f_i,$$ where N is the total number of compound constituents, and Ci and fi denote the specific heat and mass fraction of the i-th constituent. This law works surprisingly well at room-temperature conditions, but poorly at elevated temperatures.