La Raza metro station

La Raza metro station is a Mexico City Metro transfer station in the Gustavo A. Madero borough of Mexico City. It is a combined underground and at-grade station with two side platforms each, served by Lines 3 (the Olive Line) and 5 (the Yellow Line). La Raza metro station is located between Potrero and Tlatelolco stations on Line 3, and between Autobuses del Norte and Misterios stations on Line 5. It serves the colonias (neighborhoods) of Vallejo and Héroes de Nacozari. The station's pictogram depicts the nearby Monumento a la Raza, a pyramid-shaped construction erected in honor of la Raza, Mexico's many native peoples and cultures.

La Raza metro station opened on 25 August 1978 with service on Line 3 southward toward Hospital General station. Southeasterly service on Line 5 toward Pantitlán station began on 1 July 1982. The station facilities are partially accessible to people with disabilities as there are braille signage plates; inside, there is an Internet café, a library, and a mural titled Monstruos de fin de milenio, painted by Ariosto Otero Reyes. Outside, there is a bicycle parking station and a bus terminal. The transfer tunnel has an approximate length of 600 m, the second-longest in the system. Inside the tunnel, there is a permanent science exhibition called El Túnel de la Ciencia ("The Tunnel of Science"), installed by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) to provide scientific information to passengers, which was opened on 30 November 1988. The exposition features information about science and astronomy using pictures.

In 2019, the station had an overall average daily ridership of 40,937 passengers. Since it was opened, La Raza metro station has had some incidents, including a shooting and a train crash, where one person died and 106 others resulted injured.

Location
La Raza is a metro transfer station in the Gustavo A. Madero borough, in northern Mexico City. The Line 3 station lies along Insurgentes Norte Avenue, while the Line 5 station lies along the intersection of Leoncavallo and Paganini Streets, near Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas. La Raza serves the colonias (Mexican Spanish for "neighborhoods") of Héroes de Nacozari and Vallejo. Within the system, it lies between Potrero and Tlatelolco metro stations on Line 3; on Line 5, the station lies between Autobuses del Norte and Misterios metro stations.

The area is serviced by a Centro de transferencia modal (CETRAM), a type of transport hub, La Raza Metrobús transfer station (Lines 1 and 3), by Line 1 (formerly Line A) of the trolleybus system, by Routes 11-A, 12, 23, 27-A, and 103 of the Red de Transporte de Pasajeros network, and by Routes 7-D, 20-C, and 20-D of the city's public bus system. In the future, it will connect with the Mexibús Line IV route.

Exits
There are five exits.
 * Northwest: Insurgentes Norte Avenue, Vallejo (Line 3).
 * Southwest: Insurgentes Norte Avenue, Vallejo (Line 3).
 * West: Insurgentes Norte Avenue, Héroes de Nacozari (Line 3).
 * North: Leoncavallo Street and Paganini Street, Vallejo (Line 5).
 * South: Paganini Street, Vallejo (Line 5).

History and construction
Line 3 of the Mexico City Metro was built by Ingeniería de Sistemas de Transportes Metropolitano, Electrometro, and Cometro (a subsidiary of Empresas ICA); La Raza Line 3 opened on 25 August 1978, on the first day of the La Raza–Hospital General service. It was built underground; the Potrero–La Raza stretch goes from the street level to the underground level, and its length is 1106 m, while the La Raza–Tlatelolco interstation tunnel is 1445 m long.

Line 5 of the Mexico City Metro was built by Cometro; the station was opened on 1 July 1982, on the first day of the La Raza–Pantitlán service. The station was built at grade level. While the La Raza–Autobuses del Norte interstation is 975 m long, the one between La Raza and Misterios measures 892 m and goes from the street level to the underground one.

The passenger transfer tunnel that connects Line 3 with Line 5 has an approximate length of 600 m, and is the second-longest in the system after Atlalilco metro station, which connects Lines 8 (the Green and Golden lines, respectively), whose length is 880 m. La Raza's pictogram depicts the Monumento a la Raza, a pyramid-shaped construction erected in 1940 in honor of la Raza, an ethnic movement by indigenous peoples of Mexico. The facilities are partially accessible to people with disabilities as there are braille signage plates, and there is an Internet café, a help desk, and a library.

In 2008, Metro authorities had maintenance work done on Line 5 station's roof. In August 2016, the Government of Mexico City built a bicycle parking station outside La Raza station.

Incidents
On 28 September 1995, Ernesto Cruz Jiménez, a Huixquilucan police officer, entered a parked train and shot seven passengers, killing two of them. After being arrested, Cruz said he felt depressed. He was sentenced to 50 years in prison. After the incident, the Government of Mexico City had walk-through metal detectors installed in the metro system.

On 7 January 2023, at 09:16 CST (UTC−6), two trains crashed inside the La Raza–Potrero interstation tunnel killing one person and injuring 106 others. Both trains were going northbound towards Indios Verdes metro station. Service between Indios Verdes and Guerrero metro stations was suspended temporarily.

The station floods during periods of heavy rainfall.

Ridership
According to the data provided by the authorities since the 2000s, and before the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport, commuters averaged between 30,700 and 34,000 on Line 3 daily entrances and between 9,500 and 10,700 daily entrances on Line 5 between 2013 and 2019.

In 2019, the station's ridership totaled 14,942,281 passengers. For Line 3, the ridership was 11,364,171 passengers (31,134 passengers per day), which was a decrease of 397,769 passengers compared to 2018. For Line 5, the station had a ridership of 3,578,110 (9,803 passengers per day), which was a decrease of 46,541 compared to 2018.

In 2019, the Line 3 station was the 38th busiest of the system's 195 stations and the line's sixth busiest. The Line 5 station was the 155th busiest in the system and the line's fifth busiest.

El túnel de la ciencia
The El túnel de la ciencia Museum (English for "The Tunnel of Science") is the longest permanent exposition in the world. Science and astronomy pictures and information are mounted on the walls located inside the transfer tunnel. It was opened on 30 November 1988—the first Latin American scientific exhibition installed in a public transport location. Its purpose is to provide scientific information to passengers. It is aimed at young people since many of them are students at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN). The tunnel's area is 6,177 m2 and features images of the autumn-sky constellations, planets and satellites, the Milky Way, and, in the middle of the tunnel, there is a drawn-to-scale representation of the celestial sphere displaying the 12 zodiac constellations, drawn with luminous paint. The exhibition was installed by Universum, UNAM's science museum. It is estimated that 60,000 people visit it with the guided tour service. In 2018, the Institute of Astronomy (UNAM) remodeled the tunnel.

Other exhibitions
On 25 November 2008, the Metro authorities installed the 1997 mural Monstruos de fin de milenio, which was painted and donated to the metro system by Mexican painter Ariosto Otero Reyes.

In June 2015, the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) of the IPN exhibited multiple human brains, their anatomy, and some injuries they had suffered. In April 2016, the Geology Museum (UNAM) displayed rocks, fossils, minerals, and a shark jaw. In June 2016, the system featured an exhibition of 80 preserved human body parts by the Tominaga Nakamoto University, a display of 50 sculptures by Nour Kuri representing human bodies, and six photographs by Duilio Rodríguez representing pain. In May and June 2018, La Raza metro station hosted exhibitions by Manuel de la Cera, Norma Patiño, Teresa Olalde, and the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM)'s LibroFest.

From 21 August to 15 October 2018, the Secretariat of Agriculture and Rural Development (SAGARPA) and the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) displayed an exposition in the tunnel on bees and their ecological importance. In 2020, the station temporarily displayed pictures, landscapes, and sculptures created by Swiss artist H. R. Giger.