Lanterne rouge

The lanterne rouge is the competitor in last place in the Tour de France. The phrase comes from the French for "Red Lantern" and refers to the red lantern hung on the rear vehicle of a passenger railway train or the brake van of a freight train, which signalmen would look for in order to make sure none of the couplings had become disconnected.

Cultural uses
In the Tour de France the rider who finishes last, rather than dropping out along the way, is accorded the distinction of lanterne rouge. Because of the popularity it affords, riders may compete for the last position rather than settling for a place near the back. Often the rider who comes last is remembered while those a few places ahead are forgotten. The revenue the last rider will generate from later appearance fees can be greater than if he had finished second to last, although this was more true when riders still made much of their income from post-Tour criteriums.

In the 1979 Tour de France, Gerhard Schönbacher and Philippe Tesnière were on the last two spots in the general classification, less than one minute apart. Tesnière had already finished last in the 1978 Tour, so he was aware of the publicity associated with being the lanterne rouge. In the 21st stage, a time trial, Tesnière therefore rode slowly. The winner of the time trial, Bernard Hinault, took 1 hour, 8 minutes and 53 seconds to cover the 48.8 km, Schönbacher used 1 hour, 21 minutes and 52 seconds, while Tesniere rode it in 1 hour, 23 minutes and 32 seconds; both were slower than all other cyclists. Tesnière's time was more than 20% slower than Hinault's, which meant that he had missed the time cut, and was taken out of the race.

The Tour organisation did not like the attention that the lanterne rouge received, and for the 1980 Tour devised a rule to make it more difficult to finish last: between the 14th and the 20th stage, the rider last in the general classification was removed from the race. Still, Schönbacher managed to finish last in that race. Before the Tour, Schönbacher was promised by his sponsor that he would receive extra money if he finished in last place. After the last stage of the Tour, his team leader Patrick Lefevere told Schönbacher that he would not get the money, and after a heated discussion, Schönbacher was fired.

Red lantern holders are often great sprinters or great riders of shorter races who are not fit enough for such a long race as the Tour de France, or who try to finish the race despite injury, as in the case of Sam Bennett, who finished last after breaking a finger in the opening stage of the 2016 Tour, but eventually won the green jersey in  2020.

In 2018 Lawson Craddock became the first rider in the history of the Tour de France to have the distinction of lanterne rouge for all stages of the entire tour. He crashed in the 1st stage resulting in facial lacerations and a fractured scapula. Despite his left eye being smashed and the pain of fractured scapula, he continued to race and finished the stage which led to a picture of his bloodied and grimacing face going viral. Later that day he posted an announcement on social media that he was donating $100 for every stage he finished to the Greater Houston Cycling Association to help rebuild the Alkek Velodrome that had been damaged by Hurricane Harvey. A GoFundMe page was also setup for donations to go directly to the velodrome. Craddock continued to ride all the remaining stages which garnered much publicity for the fundraising efforts and eventually over US$250,000 being raised for the cause. In this case the lanterne rouge has been described as being worn as "a badge of courage" and winning it as "a triumph of sporting endeavour".

Lanternes rouges of the Tour de France

 * 1903 🇫🇷 Arsène Millocheau (FRA)
 * 1904 🇫🇷 Antoine Deflotrière (FRA)
 * 1905 🇫🇷 Clovis Lacroix (FRA)
 * 1906 🇫🇷 Georges Bronchard (FRA)
 * 1907 🇫🇷 Albert Chartier (FRA)
 * 1908 🇫🇷 Henri Anthoine (FRA)
 * 1909 🇫🇷 Georges Devilly (FRA)
 * 1910 🇫🇷 Constant Collet (FRA)
 * 1911 🇫🇷 Lucien Roquebert (FRA)
 * 1912 🇫🇷 Maurice Lartigue (FRA)
 * 1913 🇫🇷 Henri Alavoine (FRA)
 * 1914 🇫🇷 Henri Leclerc (FRA)
 * 1915–18: no tour due to World War I
 * 1919 🇫🇷 Jules Nempon (FRA)
 * 1920 🇫🇷 Charles Raboisson (FRA)
 * 1921 🇫🇷 Henri Catelan (FRA)
 * 1922 🇫🇷 Daniel Masson (FRA)
 * 1923 🇫🇷 Daniel Masson (FRA)
 * 1924 🇫🇷 Victor Lafosse (FRA)
 * 1925 🇫🇷 Fernand Besnier (FRA)
 * 1926 🇫🇷 André Drobecq (FRA)
 * 1927 🇫🇷 Jacques Pfister (FRA)
 * 1928 🇫🇷 Edouard Persin (FRA)
 * 1929 🇫🇷 André Léger (FRA)
 * 1930 🇫🇷 Marcel Ilpide (FRA)
 * 1931 🇦🇺 Richard Lamb (AUS)
 * 1932 🇩🇪 Rudolf Risch (GER)
 * 1933 🇫🇷 Ernest Neuhard (FRA)
 * 1934 🇮🇹 Antonio Folco (ITA)
 * 1935 🇩🇪 Willy Kutschbach (GER)
 * 1936 🇫🇷 Aldo Bertocco (FRA)
 * 1937 🇱🇺 Aloyse Klensch (LUX)
 * 1938 Janus Hellemons
 * 1939 🇫🇷 Armand Le Moal (FRA)
 * 1940–46: no tour due to World War II
 * 1947 Pietro Tarchini
 * 1948 🇮🇹 Vittorio Seghezzi (ITA)
 * 1949 🇮🇹 Guido De Santi (ITA)
 * 1950 Fritz Zbinden
 * 1951 🇫🇷 Abdel-Kader Zaaf (FRA)
 * 1952 🇫🇷 Henri Paret (FRA)
 * 1953 🇫🇷 Claude Rouer (FRA)
 * 1954 🇱🇺 Marcel Dierkens (LUX)
 * 1955 🇬🇧 Tony Hoar (GBR)
 * 1956 🇫🇷 Roger Chaussabel (FRA)
 * 1957 🇫🇷 Guy Million (FRA)
 * 1958 Walter Favre
 * 1959 🇫🇷 Louis Bisilliat (FRA)
 * 1960 🇪🇸 José Herrero Berrendero (ESP)
 * 1961 🇫🇷 André Geneste (FRA)
 * 1962 🇮🇹 Augusto Marcaletti (ITA)
 * 1963 🇧🇪 Willy Derboven (BEL)
 * 1964 🇫🇷 Anatole Novak (FRA)
 * 1965 🇫🇷 Joseph Groussard (FRA)
 * 1966 🇮🇹 Paolo Mannucci (ITA)
 * 1967 🇫🇷 Jean-Pierre Genet (FRA)
 * 1968 🇬🇧 John Clarey (GBR)
 * 1969 🇫🇷 André Wilhelm (FRA)
 * 1970 Frits Hoogerheide
 * 1971 🇫🇷 Georges Chappe (FRA)
 * 1972 🇫🇷 Alain Bellouis (FRA)
 * 1973 🇫🇷 Jacques-André Hochart (FRA)
 * 1974 🇮🇹 Lorenzo Alaimo (ITA)
 * 1975 🇫🇷 Jacques Boulas (FRA)
 * 1976 Aad van den Hoek
 * 1977 🇧🇪 Roger Loysch (BEL)
 * 1978 🇫🇷 Philippe Tesnière (FRA)
 * 1979 🇦🇹 Gerhard Schönbacher (AUT)
 * 1980 🇦🇹 Gerhard Schönbacher (AUT)
 * 1981 🇪🇸 Faustino Cueli (ESP)
 * 1982 🇧🇪 Werner Devos (BEL)
 * 1983 🇧🇪 Marcel Laurens (BEL)
 * 1984 Gilbert Glaus
 * 1985 🇮🇹 Manrico Ronchiato (ITA)
 * 1986 🇮🇹 Ennio Salvador (ITA)
 * 1987 Mathieu Hermans
 * 1988 🇧🇪 Dirk Wayenberg (BEL)
 * 1989 Mathieu Hermans
 * 1990 🇮🇹 Rodolfo Massi (ITA)
 * 1991 Rob Harmeling
 * 1992 🇪🇸 Fernando Quevedo (ESP)
 * 1993 🇧🇪 Edwig Van Hooydonck (BEL)
 * 1994 John Talen
 * 1995 🇫🇷 Bruno Cornillet (FRA)
 * 1996 🇫🇷 Jean-Luc Masdupuy (FRA)
 * 1997 🇫🇷 Philippe Gaumont (FRA)
 * 1998 🇫🇷 Damien Nazon (FRA)
 * 1999 🇫🇷 Jacky Durand (FRA)
 * 2000 🇫🇷 Olivier Perraudeau (FRA)
 * 2001 🇫🇷 Jimmy Casper (FRA)
 * 2002 🇪🇸 Igor Flores (ESP)
 * 2003 🇧🇪 Hans De Clercq (BEL)
 * 2004 🇫🇷 Jimmy Casper (FRA)
 * 2005 🇪🇸 Iker Flores (ESP)
 * 2006 🇧🇪 Wim Vansevenant (BEL)
 * 2007 🇧🇪 Wim Vansevenant (BEL)
 * 2008 🇧🇪 Wim Vansevenant (BEL)
 * 2009 🇧🇾 Yauheni Hutarovich (BLR)
 * 2010 🇮🇹 Adriano Malori (ITA)
 * 2011 🇮🇹 Fabio Sabatini (ITA)
 * 2012 🇫🇷 Jimmy Engoulvent (FRA)
 * 2013 🇨🇦 Svein Tuft (CAN)
 * 2014 🇨🇳 Ji Cheng (CHN)
 * 2015 🇫🇷 Sébastien Chavanel (FRA)
 * 2016 Sam Bennett
 * 2017 🇬🇧 Luke Rowe (GBR)
 * 2018 🇺🇸 Lawson Craddock (USA)
 * 2019 Sebastian Langeveld
 * 2020 🇩🇪 Roger Kluge (GER)
 * 2021 🇧🇪 Tim Declercq (BEL)
 * 2022 🇦🇺 Caleb Ewan (AUS)
 * 2023 Michael Mørkøv

Multiple lanternes rouges of the Tour de France
Spain's Igor Flores received the lanterne rouge in 2002, and his brother Iker Flores received it in 2005.

Lanternes rouges of the Tour de France by nationality
The first 24 red lanterns went to France between 1903 and 1930, with the French total reaching 53 in 2015. The rest of the world received its first red lantern in 1931, and eventually equaled France's total of 53 in 2019, and overtook it with 54 in 2020.