List of European colonies in Africa

The following is a list of European colonies in Africa, organized alphabetically by the colonizing country. France had the most colonies in Africa with 35 colonies followed by Britain with 32.

Belgian colonial empire

 * Belgian Congo (Congo Free State annexed as a colony, today's Democratic Republic of the Congo)
 * Ruanda-Urundi (comprising modern Rwanda and Burundi, 1922–62)

British Empire



 * Egypt
 * British Cyrenaica (1943-1951, now part of Libya)
 * British Tripolitania (1943-1951, now part of Libya)
 * Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956)
 * British Somaliland (now part of Somalia)
 * British East Africa
 * Kenya Colony
 * Uganda Protectorate
 * Tanzania
 * Tanganyika Territory (1919–61)
 * Zanzibar


 * British Mauritius
 * Bechuanaland (now Botswana)
 * Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)
 * Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)
 * British Seychelles
 * British South Africa
 * South Africa
 * Transvaal Colony
 * Cape Colony
 * Colony of Natal
 * Orange River Colony
 * South-West Africa (from 1915, now Namibia)


 * British West Africa
 * Gambia Colony and Protectorate
 * British Sierra Leone
 * Colonial Nigeria
 * British Togoland (1916–56, today part of Ghana)
 * Cameroons (1922–61, now part of Cameroon and Nigeria)
 * Gold Coast (British colony) (now Ghana)
 * Nyasaland (now Malawi)
 * Basutoland (now Lesotho)
 * Swaziland (now Eswatini)
 * St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

Courland

 * St. Andrews Island (in the Gambia)

Denmark–Norway

 * Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

Dutch colonial empire

 * Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
 * Dutch Cape Colony
 * Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
 * Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
 * Gorée (Senegal)
 * Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
 * São Tomé
 * South Africa
 * Mauritius

French colonial empire



 * French North Africa
 * French Algeria (1830-1962; was administered as an integral part of France itself from 1848)
 * French Protectorate of Tunisia (1881–1956)
 * French Protectorate of Morocco (1912–1956)
 * Fezzan-Ghadames (1943–1951) (administration given by the UNO after its conquest by Charles de Gaulle)
 * Egypt (ownership 1798–1801; Condominium of France and the United Kingdom 1876–1882)




 * French West Africa
 * Ivory Coast (1843–1960)
 * Dahomey or French Dahomey (now Benin) (1883–1960)
 * Independent of Dahomey, under French protectorate in 1889
 * Porto-Novo (protectorate) (1863–1865, 1882)
 * Cotonou (protectorate) (1868)
 * French Sudan (now Mali) (1883–1960)
 * Senegambia and Niger (1902–1904)
 * Guinea or French Guinea (1891–1958)
 * Mauritania (1902–1960)
 * Adrar emirate (protectorate) (1909)
 * The Taganit confederation's emirate (protectorate) (1905)
 * Brakna confederation's emirate (protectorate)
 * Emirate of Trarza (protectorate) (1902)
 * Niger (1890–1960)
 * Sultanate of Damagaram (Zinder) (protectorate) (1899)
 * Senegal (1677–1960)
 * French Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) (1896–1960)
 * French Togoland (1918–1960) (formerly a German colony, mandate became a French colony) (now Togo)
 * Nigeria
 * The Enclaves of Forcados and Badjibo (territory under a lease of 30 years) (1900–1927)
 * The Emirate of Muri (Northeast of Nigeria) (1892–1893)
 * Gambia
 * Albreda (1681–1857)
 * Kunta Kinteh Island (1695–1697, 1702)


 * French Equatorial Africa
 * Chad (1900–1960)
 * Oubangui-Chari (currently Central African Republic) (1905–1960)
 * Dar al Kuti (protectorate) (1897) (in 1912 its sultanate was suppressed by the French)
 * Sultanate of Bangassou (protectorate) (1894)
 * Present-day The Republic of Congo, then French Congo (1875–1960)
 * Gabon (1839–1960)
 * French Cameroon (91% of current Cameroon) (1918–1960) (formerly a German colony, Mandate, Protectorate then French Colony)
 * São Tomé and Príncipe (1709)




 * French East Africa and Indian Ocean
 * French Madagascar (1896–1960)
 * Kingdom of Imerina (protectorate; 1896)
 * Isle de France (1715–1810; now Mauritius)
 * Djibouti (French Somaliland) (the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas; French Somalia; 1862–1977)
 * French Egypt (1798–1801, 1858–1882, 1956)
 * Mayotte (1841–present)
 * Seychelles (1756–1810)
 * Chagos Archipelago (1721–1745, 1768–1814)
 * The Scattered Islands (Banc du Geyser, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Juan de Nova Island, Glorioso Islands, Tromelin Island)
 * Comoros (1866–1975)
 * Réunion (1710–present)

German Empire
The following were German African protectorates:


 * German South West Africa, 1884 to 1915
 * German West Africa, 1884 to 1915
 * Togoland, 1884 to 1916
 * Kamerun, from 1884 to 1916
 * Kapitaï and Koba, 1884 to 1885
 * Mahinland, March 11, 1885 to October 24, 1885
 * German East Africa, 1885 to 1918
 * Witu Protectorate, 1885 to 1890
 * German Somali Coast, 1885 to 1888
 * German Congo, 1884 to 1885
 * German Katanga, 1886
 * Gando Protectorate, 1895 to 1897
 * Gulmu Protectorate, 1895 to 1897
 * German South Africa, 1884 to 1885

Hospitaller Malta

 * Tripoli

Italian colonial empire

 * Italian East Africa
 * Italian Eritrea
 * Italian Somaliland (now Somalia)
 * Italian Ethiopia
 * Amhara Governorate
 * Galla-Sidamo Governorate
 * Harar Governorate
 * Scioa Governorate
 * Italian Libya

Former colonies, protectorates and occupied areas

 * Italian Eritrea (1882–1947)
 * Italian Somalia (1889–1947)
 * Trust Territory of Somaliland (1950–1960)
 * Libya (1911–1947)
 * Italian Tripolitania & Cyrenaica (1911–1934)
 * Italian Libya (1934–1943)
 * Italian East Africa (1936–1941)
 * Italian Ethiopia (1936–1941)
 * Tunis (1942–1943)

Portuguese colonial empire



 * Portuguese Angola (now Angola)
 * Mainland Angola
 * Portuguese Congo(now Cabinda Province of Angola)
 * Portuguese Mozambique(now Mozambique)
 * Portuguese Guinea(now Guinea-Bissau)
 * Portuguese Gold Coast now part of Ghana
 * Portuguese Cape Verde
 * Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
 * São Tomé Island
 * Príncipe Island
 * Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá(now Ouidah, in Benin)

Others

 * Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)


 * Angola
 * Annobón
 * Cabinda
 * Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
 * Ceuta
 * Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
 * Gorée (in Senegal)
 * Malindi
 * Mombasa
 * Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
 * Agadir
 * Alcacer Ceguer
 * Arzila
 * Azamor
 * Mazagan
 * Mogador
 * Safim
 * Nigeria (Lagos area)
 * Mozambique
 * Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
 * Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
 * Quíloa
 * São Tomé and Príncipe
 * Tangier
 * Zanzibar
 * Ziguinchor

Russian Empire

 * Sagallo (6 January 1889–5 February 1889)

Spanish colonial Empire

 * Northern Spanish Morocco
 * Chefchaouen (Chauen)
 * Jebala (Yebala)
 * Kert
 * Loukkos (Lucus)
 * Rif


 * Spanish West Africa
 * Ifni
 * Southern Spanish Morocco (Cape Juby)
 * Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara)
 * Saguia el-Hamra
 * Río de Oro


 * Spanish Guinea(now Equatorial Guinea)
 * Fernando Pó
 * Río Muni
 * Annobón

Sweden

 * Swedish Gold Coast