List of alternate history fiction

This is a list of alternate history fiction, sorted primarily by type and then chronologically.

Standalone novels
{| class=wikitable ! Year ! Title ! Author ! Description
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Pre-19th century

 * 1490
 * Tirant lo Blanch
 * Joanot Martorell
 * A knight from Brittany stops the Turks from taking Constantinople.
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 * A knight from Brittany stops the Turks from taking Constantinople.
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19th century

 * 1836
 * Napoleon and the Conquest of the World
 * Louis Geoffroy
 * Napoleon's First French Empire emerges victorious in the French invasion of Russia in 1811 and in an invasion of England in 1814, later unifying the world under Bonaparte's rule.
 * 1845
 * P.'s Correspondence
 * Nathaniel Hawthorne
 * A New Englander is treated as a madman because of being able to perceive a different reality in which long-dead famous people are still alive (though not necessarily well) in 1845: the poets Burns, Byron, Shelley, and Keats, the actor Edmund Kean, the British politician George Canning and even Napoleon Bonaparte.
 * 1876
 * Uchronie (Uchronia)
 * Charles Renouvier
 * The Nerva–Antonine emperors ban Christians.
 * 1895
 * Aristopia
 * Castello Holford
 * The earliest settlers in Virginia discover a reef made of solid gold and are able to build a Utopian society in North America.
 * colspan=4|
 * Aristopia
 * Castello Holford
 * The earliest settlers in Virginia discover a reef made of solid gold and are able to build a Utopian society in North America.
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1930s

 * 1931
 * If It Had Happened Otherwise
 * Edited by J. C. Squire
 * A collection of alternate history essays.
 * 1939
 * Lest Darkness Fall
 * L. Sprague de Camp
 * An American archaeologist is transported to 6th century Rome (AD 535).
 * colspan=4|
 * An American archaeologist is transported to 6th century Rome (AD 535).
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1950s

 * 1952
 * The Sound of His Horn
 * John William Wall
 * A British naval lieutenant awakens in a Nazi controlled world 102 years on from World War II.
 * 1953
 * Bring the Jubilee
 * Ward Moore
 * The South is not defeated in the American Civil War because it wins the Battle of Gettysburg.
 * colspan=4|
 * The South is not defeated in the American Civil War because it wins the Battle of Gettysburg.
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1960s

 * 1962
 * The Man in the High Castle
 * Philip K. Dick
 * The Axis powers win World War II.
 * 1966
 * The Gate of Time
 * Philip José Farmer
 * An Iroquois combat pilot finds himself in a world where the New World is underwater and Native Americans settled in Eastern Europe.
 * 1967
 * The Gate of Worlds
 * Robert Silverberg
 * The Black Death of the 14th century kills three-quarters of the European population. Seven centuries later, the main powers are Russia, Turkey, the Aztecs, the Incas, and Japan.
 * rowspan="2" | 1968
 * The Last Starship from Earth
 * John Boyd
 * Jesus Christ becomes a revolutionary agitator and assembles an army to overthrow the Roman Empire and establish a theocracy, which has lasted until the present day.
 * Pavane
 * Keith Roberts
 * Queen Elizabeth I of England is assassinated, and in the ensuing disorder, the Spanish Armada is successful in suppressing Protestantism.
 * 1969
 * The Bomb That Failed (British, The Last Year of the Old World)
 * Ronald W. Clark
 * The failure of the Trinity test in June 1945 leads to an American invasion of Japan.
 * colspan=4|
 * 1969
 * The Bomb That Failed (British, The Last Year of the Old World)
 * Ronald W. Clark
 * The failure of the Trinity test in June 1945 leads to an American invasion of Japan.
 * colspan=4|
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1970s

 * 1970
 * All Evil Shed Away
 * Archie Roy
 * Due to the assassination of Winston Churchill in 1940, Nazi Germany wins World War II and is locked in a cold war with the United States.
 * 1971
 * Lighter than a Feather
 * David Westheimer
 * The Americans invade Japan in November 1945 as part of Operation Downfall.
 * rowspan="2" | 1972
 * The Iron Dream
 * Norman Spinrad
 * Adolf Hitler emigrates from Germany to America and uses his modest artistic skills to become first a pulp science fiction illustrator and later a science fiction writer.
 * Tunnel Through the Deeps
 * Harry Harrison
 * Moors win the battle of Navas de Tolosa on 16 July 1212 on the Iberian peninsula. John Cabot discovers America, and George Washington is shot as a traitor.
 * rowspan="2" | 1973
 * For Want of a Nail
 * Robert N. Sobel
 * The American Revolution fails and the British colonies become the Confederation of North America (CNA), while the defeated rebels go into exile in Spanish Tejas, eventually founding the United States of Mexico (USM).
 * The Ultimate Solution
 * Eric Norden
 * A world resulting from a total Nazi and Imperial Japanese victory in World War II and partition of the world between them.
 * 1974
 * Das Königsprojekt
 * Carl Amery
 * The Roman Catholic Church attempts to restore the House of Stuart to the English throne by altering history through the use of a time machine invented by Leonardo da Vinci.
 * rowspan="2" | 1975
 * Hitler Has Won
 * Frederic Mullally
 * Alternate 1942. Japan strikes north rather than south, Russia falls, Germany is unassailable in Europe. There is a plot to defeat the Roman Catholic Church and install Hitler as the new Pope.
 * The Female Man
 * Joanna Russ
 * One of the multiple fictional worlds where the novel is set is an alternative 1969 where the Great Depression never ended and World War II never started, so there were no significant feminist movements.
 * 1976
 * The Alteration
 * Kingsley Amis
 * Martin Luther, rather than beginning the Protestant Reformation, becomes pope.
 * rowspan="3" | 1978
 * And Having Writ…
 * Donald R. Bensen
 * Four aliens arrive on Earth in 1908 and try to advance human technology so they can return home.
 * Gloriana
 * Michael Moorcock
 * Queen Gloriana rules over "Albion", an alternative British Empire that rules over America and Asia.
 * SS-GB
 * Len Deighton
 * Detective novel set in 1941 in a Britain occupied by the Germans.
 * colspan=4|
 * rowspan="3" | 1978
 * And Having Writ…
 * Donald R. Bensen
 * Four aliens arrive on Earth in 1908 and try to advance human technology so they can return home.
 * Gloriana
 * Michael Moorcock
 * Queen Gloriana rules over "Albion", an alternative British Empire that rules over America and Asia.
 * SS-GB
 * Len Deighton
 * Detective novel set in 1941 in a Britain occupied by the Germans.
 * colspan=4|
 * Detective novel set in 1941 in a Britain occupied by the Germans.
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1980s

 * rowspan="2" | 1980
 * The Divide
 * William Overgard
 * Set in 1976, thirty years after Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan have defeated the United States in World War II.
 * The Moscow Option
 * David Downing
 * The German Army conquers Moscow at the end of 1941.
 * rowspan="4" | 1983
 * The Burning Mountain: A Novel of the Invasion of Japan
 * Alfred Coppel
 * During World War II, a lightning strike at the Trinity test postpones deployment of the atomic bomb, forcing the U.S. to invade Japan.
 * The Dragon Waiting: A Masque of History
 * John M. Ford
 * Fantasy alternate history combining vampires, the Medicis, and the convoluted English politics surrounding Edward IV and Richard III.
 * Kelly Country
 * A. Bertram Chandler
 * Australian bushranger and rebel Ned Kelly leads a successful revolution against British colonial rule. The result is that Australia becomes a world power, but the Australian Republic which Kelly founded degenerates into a hereditary dictatorship.
 * A Rebel in Time
 * Harry Harrison
 * A racist colonel wants to change history by helping the CSA win the American Civil War.
 * rowspan="2" | 1984
 * The Bush Soldiers
 * John Hooker
 * The Japanese successfully conquer and occupy most of the coastal fringe of Australia.
 * Job: A Comedy of Justice
 * Robert A. Heinlein
 * A man is thrust on a whirlwind tour of numerous parallel universes, at least three of which have William Jennings Bryan elected to the US presidency, each time under different circumstances.
 * 1985
 * The Proteus Operation
 * James P. Hogan
 * A group of military commandos, diplomats, and scientists travel back to 1939 and try to prevent the Axis Powers from winning World War II.
 * rowspan="2" | 1986
 * The Crystal Empire
 * L. Neil Smith
 * The Black Death kills 85 percent of Europe's population. Like in other novels with this premise, Muslims conquer Europe in the centuries afterwards and become a dominant world power by the 20th century. Smith also postulates the plague wiping out the Mongol Empire as well, allowing the Mughal Empire to grow faster and farther in its place.
 * The Coming of the Quantum Cats
 * Frederik Pohl
 * Features the protagonist travelling across multiple different worlds. In one world, Nancy Reagan is the President of the United States and her mostly disregarded husband Ronald is known as "The First Gentleman". John F. Kennedy is a Senator from Massachusetts who is married to Marilyn Monroe. In another, America is a fascist dictatorship where Ronald Reagan remained true to his early left-wing politics and is still married to his first wife Jane Wyman, and in the past of many of the alternate worlds Joseph Stalin (who is known as Joseph Dzhugashvili) escaped from Russia to America in the 1900s, taking with him the proceeds of the 1907 Tiflis bank robbery and using the money to set himself up as a big American capitalist.
 * rowspan="2" | 1987
 * Agent of Byzantium
 * Harry Turtledove
 * Imperial Byzantine special agent Basil Argyros is sent on various missions in an alternate universe where Muhammad became a Christian saint.
 * In Search of the Epitaph
 * Bok Koh-il
 * In 1909, Itō Hirobumi survives his assassination attempt by An Jung-geun and succeeds in a complete Japanization of Koreans, which leads to the Empire of Japan dominating Korea by 1987.
 * rowspan="6" | 1988
 * Alternities
 * Michael P. Kube-McDowell
 * The Armor of Light
 * Melissa Scott and Lisa A. Barnett
 * Sir Philip Sidney and Christopher Marlowe survive their historical deaths to battle witchcraft in the courts of Elizabeth I and James VI.
 * A Different Flesh
 * Harry Turtledove
 * Homo erectus crossed into the New World instead of the ancestors of the Native Americans, leaving the Pleistocene biosphere intact at the time of the 17th century AD.
 * Fire on the Mountain
 * Terry Bisson
 * John Brown succeeds in his raid on Harpers Ferry and touches off a slave rebellion in 1859.
 * Gray Victory
 * Robert Skimin
 * The Confederacy wins its independence and places Jeb Stuart on trial for losing the Battle of Gettysburg.
 * The New Dinosaurs: An Alternative Evolution
 * Dougal Dixon
 * Non-avian dinosaurs do not die out 65 million years ago but instead keep the mammals in small rodent-like forms.
 * colspan=4|
 * The Armor of Light
 * Melissa Scott and Lisa A. Barnett
 * Sir Philip Sidney and Christopher Marlowe survive their historical deaths to battle witchcraft in the courts of Elizabeth I and James VI.
 * A Different Flesh
 * Harry Turtledove
 * Homo erectus crossed into the New World instead of the ancestors of the Native Americans, leaving the Pleistocene biosphere intact at the time of the 17th century AD.
 * Fire on the Mountain
 * Terry Bisson
 * John Brown succeeds in his raid on Harpers Ferry and touches off a slave rebellion in 1859.
 * Gray Victory
 * Robert Skimin
 * The Confederacy wins its independence and places Jeb Stuart on trial for losing the Battle of Gettysburg.
 * The New Dinosaurs: An Alternative Evolution
 * Dougal Dixon
 * Non-avian dinosaurs do not die out 65 million years ago but instead keep the mammals in small rodent-like forms.
 * colspan=4|
 * The New Dinosaurs: An Alternative Evolution
 * Dougal Dixon
 * Non-avian dinosaurs do not die out 65 million years ago but instead keep the mammals in small rodent-like forms.
 * colspan=4|
 * colspan=4|

1990s

 * rowspan="3" | 1990
 * The Difference Engine
 * William Gibson and Bruce Sterling
 * Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine takes on the roles of modern computers a century earlier.
 * The World Next Door
 * Brad Ferguson
 * People from a world that experienced a nuclear war in 1962 interact with people from a world that did not.
 * A World of Difference
 * Harry Turtledove
 * The 4th planet of the Solar System, named Minerva instead of Mars, is larger and contains intelligent alien life.
 * rowspan="4" | 1992
 * Fatherland
 * Robert Harris
 * Set in the 1960s in a Germany which won World War II.
 * The Guns of the South
 * Harry Turtledove
 * The Confederate Army is supplied with AK-47s by early-21st century white supremacist South African time-travelers.
 * Konpeki no Kantai
 * Yoshio Aramaki
 * World War II lasts ten years, Japan becomes a stronger naval power thanks to Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto who appears several years in the past despite dying in the actual World War II. It is later adapted into two OVA series, in which at first Japan defeats the Western Allies in the Pacific but eventually teams up with them to fight Nazi Germany.
 * Resurrections from the Dustbin of History
 * Simon Louvish
 * Following Rosa Luxemburg's successful 1918 revolution in Germany, Hitler flees to the USA. He becomes a senator for Illinois, and his son Rudolph runs for president in 1968 on a racist platform. Trotsky defeats Stalin in Russia, while Mussolini hangs on to power in Italy.
 * rowspan="5" | 1993
 * Anti-Ice
 * Stephen Baxter
 * Explosive scientific discovery made in the 1850s advances technology.
 * Aztec Century
 * Christopher Evans
 * Cortez changes sides at the onset of the Conquistador era in the early 16th century, leading to the repulsion of Spanish invasion and occupation of Central America.
 * Down in the Bottomlands
 * Harry Turtledove
 * At the end of the Miocene period, the Mediterranean stays dry to the present day.
 * Elvissey
 * Jack Womack
 * A dystopian 2033 where a Machiavellian multinational corporation has plans for world domination.
 * The Case of the Toxic Spell Dump
 * Harry Turtledove
 * Fantasy with an alternate history undercurrent. History unfolded much as it did in our world, except that magic took the place of science. For example, Adolf Hitler waged a brutal war in the 20th century with magic weapons, Werner Heisenberg defined the uncertainty principle of thaumaturgy, and flying carpets take the place of automobiles. However, there are some fundamental differences, e.g., the United States and Mexico are both ruled by hereditary monarchies. Most importantly, the gods of all mythologies and religions are literal, proven beings, who coexist in a henotheistic world in relative harmony – a breach in this latter harmony is central to the novel's main conflict.
 * rowspan="4" | 1995
 * 1901
 * Robert Conroy
 * Depicts a hypothetical war between Germany and the United States at the start of William McKinley's second term as president.
 * 1945
 * Newt Gingrich and William R. Forstchen
 * Germans perfect long-range jet aircraft by the end of World War II and conduct successful raids in North America against the US nuclear program.
 * Dead, Mr. Mozart
 * Bernard Bastable
 * Wolfgang Mozart settles in England as a young man and never returns to his native Austria. As a respected but fairly impoverished composer and piano teacher in the 1820s (30 years after his death in our timeline), he is unwillingly pulled into a scandalous intrigue involving close relatives of King George IV. It is later followed by a sequel, Too Many Notes, Mr. Mozart.
 * The Two Georges
 * Harry Turtledove and Richard Dreyfuss
 * King George III of Great Britain and George Washington reach a settlement where the Thirteen Colonies remain within the British Empire with increased autonomy and virtually all of their grievances redressed.
 * rowspan="4" | 1996
 * Attentatet i Pålsjö skog
 * Hans Alfredson
 * Swedish communists blow up a German train passing through Sweden, killing Eva Braun, who was on board.
 * Celestial Matters
 * Richard Garfinkle
 * The physics of this world and its surrounding cosmos are based on the physics of Aristotle and ancient Chinese Taoist alchemy.
 * Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus
 * Orson Scott Card
 * Scientists from the future travel back to the 15th century to prevent the European colonization of the Americas.
 * Voyage
 * Stephen Baxter
 * The United States conducts a Mars landing in 1986 as a result of inspiration by John F. Kennedy, who survived the assassination attempt on him in 1963.
 * rowspan="4" | 1997
 * Back in the USSA
 * Eugene Byrne and Kim Newman
 * The United States experiences a communist revolution in 1917 and becomes a communist superpower, while Russia does not.
 * Xavras Wyżryn
 * Jacek Dukaj
 * Poland falls to the Red Army and becomes a Soviet republic in 1920. In an alternate 1996, Polish partisans fight the Soviet army.
 * K is for Killing
 * Daniel Easterman
 * Charles Lindbergh is elected president rather than Franklin Delano Roosevelt and a fascist organization calling itself the Amero-Aryan Alliance is brought to power and turns the country into a police state, complete with slavery concentration camps, and ghettos.
 * Making History
 * Stephen Fry
 * A time traveler creates a history in which Hitler was never conceived, let alone born.
 * rowspan="1" | 1998
 * Darwinia
 * Robert Charles Wilson
 * In March 1912, an event some called the "Miracle" causes Europe and parts of Asia and Africa to completely disappear along with all its inhabitants, replacing it with a slice of an alien planet, roughly equal in outline and terrain features, but with strange flora and fauna that have evolved differently to anything on Earth. America becomes involved in an effort to re-settle and colonise the new Europe, with historical figures such as Lord Kitchener (having survived past 1916 due to the absence of WW1) trying to preserve the British Empire and re-settle Britain.
 * rowspan="4" | 1999
 * Battle Royale
 * Koushun Takami
 * Japan wins World War II and over 50 years later, children are pitted against each other in a game to the death.
 * Resurrection Day
 * Brendan DuBois
 * The Cuban Missile Crisis ends in a brief nuclear exchange between the U.S. and Soviet Union that wiped out several cities and has led to America being under military rule.
 * The Intuitionist
 * Colson Whitehead
 * In a city heavily implied to be an alternate New York in an unspecified time, huge skyscrapers litter the landscape and require vertical transportation in the form of elevators. Black people are referred to as 'coloured' and integration is a current topic. Elevator maintenance is divided between 'Intuitionists' who prefer to ride in an elevator and intuit the state of the elevator based on their own personal feelings, and the 'Empiricists', who insist on traditional instrument-based verification methods to assess the condition of the elevator.
 * Die Mauer steht am Rhein ("The Wall Stands on the Rhine")
 * Christian von Ditfurth
 * The Cold War ends with Germany being reunified under the government of the communist German Democratic Republic.
 * colspan=4|
 * Daniel Easterman
 * Charles Lindbergh is elected president rather than Franklin Delano Roosevelt and a fascist organization calling itself the Amero-Aryan Alliance is brought to power and turns the country into a police state, complete with slavery concentration camps, and ghettos.
 * Making History
 * Stephen Fry
 * A time traveler creates a history in which Hitler was never conceived, let alone born.
 * rowspan="1" | 1998
 * Darwinia
 * Robert Charles Wilson
 * In March 1912, an event some called the "Miracle" causes Europe and parts of Asia and Africa to completely disappear along with all its inhabitants, replacing it with a slice of an alien planet, roughly equal in outline and terrain features, but with strange flora and fauna that have evolved differently to anything on Earth. America becomes involved in an effort to re-settle and colonise the new Europe, with historical figures such as Lord Kitchener (having survived past 1916 due to the absence of WW1) trying to preserve the British Empire and re-settle Britain.
 * rowspan="4" | 1999
 * Battle Royale
 * Koushun Takami
 * Japan wins World War II and over 50 years later, children are pitted against each other in a game to the death.
 * Resurrection Day
 * Brendan DuBois
 * The Cuban Missile Crisis ends in a brief nuclear exchange between the U.S. and Soviet Union that wiped out several cities and has led to America being under military rule.
 * The Intuitionist
 * Colson Whitehead
 * In a city heavily implied to be an alternate New York in an unspecified time, huge skyscrapers litter the landscape and require vertical transportation in the form of elevators. Black people are referred to as 'coloured' and integration is a current topic. Elevator maintenance is divided between 'Intuitionists' who prefer to ride in an elevator and intuit the state of the elevator based on their own personal feelings, and the 'Empiricists', who insist on traditional instrument-based verification methods to assess the condition of the elevator.
 * Die Mauer steht am Rhein ("The Wall Stands on the Rhine")
 * Christian von Ditfurth
 * The Cold War ends with Germany being reunified under the government of the communist German Democratic Republic.
 * colspan=4|
 * In a city heavily implied to be an alternate New York in an unspecified time, huge skyscrapers litter the landscape and require vertical transportation in the form of elevators. Black people are referred to as 'coloured' and integration is a current topic. Elevator maintenance is divided between 'Intuitionists' who prefer to ride in an elevator and intuit the state of the elevator based on their own personal feelings, and the 'Empiricists', who insist on traditional instrument-based verification methods to assess the condition of the elevator.
 * Die Mauer steht am Rhein ("The Wall Stands on the Rhine")
 * Christian von Ditfurth
 * The Cold War ends with Germany being reunified under the government of the communist German Democratic Republic.
 * colspan=4|
 * colspan=4|
 * colspan=4|

2000s

 * 2000
 * Fox on the Rhine
 * Douglas Niles and Michael Dobson
 * Heinrich Himmler takes over as leader after Hitler is assassinated in 1944 and arranges a cease-fire with the Soviet Union to free German forces. He then appoints Erwin Rommel to command over the German forces in Western Europe.
 * rowspan="3" | 2001
 * After Dachau
 * Daniel Quinn
 * Germany wins World War II and eventually all non-whites are killed off.
 * The Children's War
 * J. N. Stroyar
 * In World War II, Germany does not attack the Soviet Union and develops a nuclear weapons program. There is a 2004 sequel, A Change of Regime.
 * The Haunting of Alaizabel Cray
 * Chris Wooding
 * Victorian London is overrun by the wych-kin, demonic creatures that have rendered the city uninhabitable south of the river, and which stalk the streets after dark.
 * rowspan="6" |2002
 * Lion's Blood
 * Steven Barnes
 * The novel presents an alternate world where an Islamic Africa is the center of technological progress and learning while Europe remains largely tribal and backward. The story begins with Aidan O'Dere, a White European child growing up in a primitive 19th century Ireland with his pagan father, Christian mother, and his twin sister. Their village is attacked by Vikings and Aidan and the surviving members of his family are taken as slaves.
 * Ice
 * Shane Johnson
 * The Apollo 19 mission suffers a major system failure, forcing its crew to strike out on their own.
 * The Peshawar Lancers
 * S. M. Stirling
 * In 1878, a meteor shower devastates Europe and North America, forcing the European empires to relocate their populations to their colonies.
 * Ruled Britannia
 * Harry Turtledove
 * The Spanish Armada conquers England and forces Shakespeare to write a play about Philip II. At the same time he is secretly writing a play for the English underground resistance.
 * Uncle Alf
 * Harry Turtledove
 * The German Empire triumphs over its enemies in the World War I in 1914, when Alfred von Schlieffen personally oversees the implementation of his plan for a two-front war. It occupies Belgium and France after the war. Two years later, Germany helps Russia put down a communist revolution in 1916.
 * The Years of Rice and Salt
 * Kim Stanley Robinson
 * The Black Death of the 14th century kills 99 percent of the people in Europe and over the next seven centuries, India, China and the Islamic world come to dominate the planet.
 * rowspan="6" | 2003
 * Fox at the Front
 * Douglas Niles and Michael Dobson
 * A sequel to Fox on the Rhine, taking place immediately after it. Rommel and George Patton work together to get the Allies to Berlin ahead of the Soviets.
 * Cold War Hot: Alternate Decisions of the Cold War
 * Peter G. Tsouras
 * A collection of alternate history scenarios in the Cold War.
 * Collaborator
 * Murray Davies
 * Set in a Nazi-occupied Great Britain centering on a former prisoner of war and life in occupied Britain.
 * Conquistador
 * S. M. Stirling
 * An inter-dimensional gateway is discovered in California, which gives access to an alternate Earth in which the empire of Alexander the Great flourishes, and where Europeans never discovered America.
 * In the Presence of Mine Enemies
 * Harry Turtledove
 * A family of secret Jews hide in Berlin two or three generations after a Nazi victory in World War II.
 * Roma Eterna
 * Robert Silverberg
 * The Red Sea does not part before Moses and, as a result, the Roman Empire grows and prospers without the influence of Christianity.
 * rowspan="3" | 2004
 * Airborn
 * Kenneth Oppel
 * Airships, rather than airplanes, are used extensively for world travel.
 * Curious Notions
 * Harry Turtledove
 * Central Powers win World War I.
 * The Plot Against America
 * Philip Roth
 * Charles Lindbergh is elected President of the United States in 1940 and collaborates with Nazi Germany.
 * rowspan="2" | 2005
 * In High Places
 * Harry Turtledove
 * Presents two alternative worlds. In the first one, the Black Death is deadlier, and while the remaining Europeans are able to limit the extent of Muslim colonization, European colonial empires never rise and England remains a backwater. The second is set in a Spain where the Roman Empire fell apart early and as a result is divided between Carthaginian colonies on the coasts and Basque settlements in the interior.
 * Never Let Me Go
 * Kazuo Ishiguro
 * Sterile clones are bred for their organs in what appears to be an alternate version of the 1990s.
 * rowspan="2" | 2006
 * 1862
 * Robert Conroy
 * England enters the American Civil War on the side of the Confederacy due to the RMS Trent incident.
 * Half Life
 * Shelley Jackson
 * The atomic bomb resulted in a genetic preponderance of conjoined twins, who eventually become a minority subculture.
 * rowspan="6" | 2007
 * 1945
 * Robert Conroy
 * The United States invades Japan in World War II despite using the atomic bomb.
 * Ice
 * Jacek Dukaj
 * The First World War never occurs and Poland is still under Russian rule.
 * Mainspring
 * Jay Lake
 * A young clockmaker's apprentice, who is visited by the Archangel Gabriel, is told that he must take the Key Perilous and rewind the Mainspring of the Earth.
 * Russian Amerika
 * Stoney Compton
 * Alaska is still owned by Russia.
 * The Yiddish Policemen's Union
 * Michael Chabon
 * During World War II, a temporary Yiddish-speaking settlement for Jewish refugees was established in Alaska in 1941.
 * Macarthur's War
 * Douglas Niles and Michael Dobson
 * The US defeat in Midway forces Douglas MacArthur to take over the Allied command in the Pacific and later launch the invasion of Japan. Isoroku Yamamoto also serves as Japan's war minister.
 * rowspan="3" | 2008
 * The Execution Channel
 * Ken MacLeod
 * Al Gore is elected president in 2000 and the 9/11 attacks involved different targets.
 * The Man with the Iron Heart
 * Harry Turtledove
 * A German insurgency at the end of World War II occurs.
 * Without Warning
 * John Birmingham
 * On the eve of the Iraq War in March 2003, an energy field appears in North America, wiping out all human and animal life within it.
 * rowspan="3" | 2009
 * 1942
 * Robert Conroy
 * A third wave of airstrikes on Pearl Harbor forces the American fleet to abandon the base, opening up the Hawaiian islands to Japanese invasion.
 * The Infinities
 * John Banville
 * In one of an infinite number of universes, Mary, Queen of Scots, executed her cousin Elizabeth, England is a Catholic nation, Sweden is bellicose, Wallace's theory of evolution has been discredited, and cold fusion is the principal source of energy.
 * The Age of Ra
 * James Lovegrove
 * The Ancient Egyptian gods have defeated all other pantheons and now rule over the world.
 * colspan=4|
 * The Yiddish Policemen's Union
 * Michael Chabon
 * During World War II, a temporary Yiddish-speaking settlement for Jewish refugees was established in Alaska in 1941.
 * Macarthur's War
 * Douglas Niles and Michael Dobson
 * The US defeat in Midway forces Douglas MacArthur to take over the Allied command in the Pacific and later launch the invasion of Japan. Isoroku Yamamoto also serves as Japan's war minister.
 * rowspan="3" | 2008
 * The Execution Channel
 * Ken MacLeod
 * Al Gore is elected president in 2000 and the 9/11 attacks involved different targets.
 * The Man with the Iron Heart
 * Harry Turtledove
 * A German insurgency at the end of World War II occurs.
 * Without Warning
 * John Birmingham
 * On the eve of the Iraq War in March 2003, an energy field appears in North America, wiping out all human and animal life within it.
 * rowspan="3" | 2009
 * 1942
 * Robert Conroy
 * A third wave of airstrikes on Pearl Harbor forces the American fleet to abandon the base, opening up the Hawaiian islands to Japanese invasion.
 * The Infinities
 * John Banville
 * In one of an infinite number of universes, Mary, Queen of Scots, executed her cousin Elizabeth, England is a Catholic nation, Sweden is bellicose, Wallace's theory of evolution has been discredited, and cold fusion is the principal source of energy.
 * The Age of Ra
 * James Lovegrove
 * The Ancient Egyptian gods have defeated all other pantheons and now rule over the world.
 * colspan=4|
 * The Infinities
 * John Banville
 * In one of an infinite number of universes, Mary, Queen of Scots, executed her cousin Elizabeth, England is a Catholic nation, Sweden is bellicose, Wallace's theory of evolution has been discredited, and cold fusion is the principal source of energy.
 * The Age of Ra
 * James Lovegrove
 * The Ancient Egyptian gods have defeated all other pantheons and now rule over the world.
 * colspan=4|
 * colspan=4|
 * colspan=4|

2010s

 * rowspan="2" | 2010
 * After America
 * John Birmingham
 * Sequel to Without Warning.
 * Red Inferno: 1945
 * Robert Conroy
 * The Allied advance on Berlin causes a paranoid Stalin to attack the American troops, forcing the Allies and a semi-rehabilitated Germany to work together to fight off the Soviet threat.
 * rowspan="4" | 2011
 * The Afrika Reich
 * Guy Saville
 * The British are defeated at the Battle of Dunkirk, allowing the Nazis to conquer Europe and then Africa.
 * Osama
 * Lavie Tidhar
 * Set in an alternate world where Osama bin Laden is a fictional character in a pulp detective novel.
 * Castro's Bomb
 * Robert Conroy
 * Fidel Castro seizes control of Soviet nuclear bombs during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
 * 11/22/63
 * Stephen King
 * A time traveler stops John F. Kennedy's assassination only to create an even worse late 20th century for America.
 * rowspan="9" | 2012
 * Age of Aztec
 * James Lovegrove
 * The Aztec Empire conquers the globe, beginning with the defeat of Hernán Cortés by Montezuma II.
 * Dominion
 * C. J. Sansom
 * Lord Halifax, rather than Winston Churchill, takes over the war effort in 1940, surrendering Britain to be a satellite state of Nazi Germany.
 * Faultline 49
 * David M. Danson (pseudonym of Joe MacKinnon)
 * Reporter David Danson travels through U.S.-occupied Canada in search of the principal provocateur in the Canadian-American War (a conflict instigated by the 11 September 2001 World Trade Center bombing in Edmonton, Alberta).
 * Himmler's War
 * Robert Conroy
 * Hitler is killed by a random Allied bombing in 1944, allowing Heinrich Himmler to become the leader of Germany and push new advances on the Allies.
 * The Impeachment of Abraham Lincoln
 * Stephen L. Carter
 * Abraham Lincoln survives his assassination attempt and, two years later, faces an impeachment trial.
 * The Mirage
 * Matt Ruff
 * Christian fundamentalists hijack airplanes and fly them into buildings in Iraq and Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab States declares a War on Terror and invades the U.S.
 * Rising Sun
 * Robert Conroy
 * The Battle of Midway is a defeat for the U.S. Navy, paving the way for Japan to attack the West Coast of the United States.
 * Pact Ribbentrop - Beck
 * Piotr Zychowicz
 * Hitler makes a pact with Poland rather than invading it, so after conquering Western Europe the Poles join him in his 1941 attack on the Soviet Union and defeat it together, dividing its territory.
 * North Reich
 * Robert Conroy
 * Britain surrenders to Nazi Germany and has a fascist regime installed across the Commonwealth and Empire, with Canada becoming a base from which Germany prepares to launch a war against the United States.
 * 2013
 * Fallout
 * Todd Strasser
 * The Cuban Missile Crisis leads to World War III. Twelve-year-old Scott and his family must squeeze into a small fallout shelter with six uninvited neighbors and somehow survive without enough food or water for the next two weeks.
 * 2014
 * Unholy Land
 * Lavie Tidhar
 * In this world the Uganda Scheme succeeded in the early 20th century, and the Jewish state is in Uganda, called Palestina, with Arafat City as its capital. By the book's present day tensions are rising, with Palestina putting up walls to keep out African refugees
 * rowspan="2" | 2016
 * Underground Airlines
 * Ben Winters
 * The American Civil War never happens, with the Crittenden Compromise being adopted instead, and slavery remains legal in the Hard Four states of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and a united Carolina.
 * Everfair
 * Nisi Shawl
 * African-American missionaries join forces with Africans, East Asians, Europeans, and socialists from the British Fabian Society to buy the Congo Free State from Leopold II of Belgium. Freeing it from becoming a site of colonial atrocities, they rename it 'Everfair', and make it a safe haven for the people of the Congo, former slaves returning from America, and other places where African natives and their descendants are being mistreated.
 * rowspan="3" | 2017
 * River of Teeth
 * Sarah Gailey
 * As one of his last acts of his presidency in early 1861, President James Buchanan approved the Hippo Act, a plan to import hippopotamuses into the United States as livestock. Decades later, the lawless swamps of Louisiana are infested with murderous feral hippos.
 * The Underground Railroad
 * Colson Whitehead
 * The Underground Railroad was a literal railroad, and not just a metaphor.
 * Jak zawsze
 * Zygmunt Miłoszewski
 * In 1963, instead of communists, Poland is ruled by a social democratic-peasant alliance led by President Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, and the country stands under the strong influence of France.
 * rowspan="5" | 2018
 * My Real Children
 * Jo Walton
 * Presents a world where the protagonist has two, mutually incompatible memories of history. In one world Kennedy is assassinated by a bomb in 1963, which leads to accelerated nuclear disarmament. The Soviet Union liberalises sooner and does not crush the Hungarian and Czechoslovakian revolution. The USSR also reaches the moon first in 1967, and the USA is struggling to catch up to develop its own space and moonbase technology. In another timeline, the Cuban Missile Crisis escalates into full-scale nuclear war, and Miami, Kyiv, Delhi, Tel Aviv and various unspecified Chinese cities are destroyed over the process of 50 years, creating a world where anaplastic thyroid cancer is common. The USA becomes isolationist, not getting involved in Vietnam, the EU consolidates much earlier and decolonisation does not occur as swiftly.
 * A Man Lies Dreaming
 * Lavie Tidhar
 * Using a story-within-a-story narrative, it recounts a Jewish man in Auschwitz imagining an alternate history. In this alternate history, the Nazis failed to take power in 1933, with communists taking power and purging the high ranking Nazi leadership. Hitler, called 'Wolf' in the novel, fled to England, which became fascist, and now works as a private detective for hire.
 * Through Darkest Europe
 * Harry Turtledove
 * Alternate medieval philosophies in both Christianity and Islam lead to a modern world where Islamic countries are the richest and most developed in the world, while European Christian countries are backward and violent.
 * The Only Harmless Great Thing
 * Brooke Bolander
 * Sign language communication with elephants became possible in the 1880s, but they were still considered animals for several decades more. US Radium purchased several (including Topsy the Elephant) to replace their litigious human employees from the Radium Girls scandal, because elephants can tolerate higher doses of radiation. Decades in the future, a scientist tries to persuade the elephant community to allow themselves to become long-time nuclear waste warning messages.
 * Summerland
 * Hannu Rajaniemi
 * In 1938 humanity discovers a realm to the afterlife called 'Summerland', a metropolis for the recently deceased, and the British Empire and the Soviet Union are vying for control over it.
 * rowspan="3" |2019
 * Machines Like Me
 * Ian McEwan
 * Alan Turing lived well past WW2, and technology overall is more advanced than in our time, so by the time of the 80s the Internet, social media, and self-driving cars already exist. Robots are available to a select rich few. Thatcher lost the Falklands War and is battling Tony Benn in UK politics.
 * Civilisations
 * Laurent Binet
 * The Vikings in c.1000 ad, travel to the Americas and make contact with native American peoples, specifically the Incas and the Aztecs, sharing cultural ideas with them and iron smelting techniques, but cause a pandemic by bringing diseases from Europe with them. This, however, leads to Native Americans gaining immunity to European diseases, so are in a stronger position against European colonisation. Christopher Columbus is kidnapped and his men killed, and the Americas remain unconquered. In 1531 the Incas invade Europe.
 * This Is How You Lose the Time War
 * Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone
 * Book features two agents from two warring factions (called 'Red' and 'Blue'), who traverse multiple different timelines in a form of time war. One timeline they encounter features a world where the Aztecs were not colonised, multiple worlds where Atlantis exists and falls, and one where the Earth was destroyed in a nuclear holocaust.
 * colspan=4|
 * A Man Lies Dreaming
 * Lavie Tidhar
 * Using a story-within-a-story narrative, it recounts a Jewish man in Auschwitz imagining an alternate history. In this alternate history, the Nazis failed to take power in 1933, with communists taking power and purging the high ranking Nazi leadership. Hitler, called 'Wolf' in the novel, fled to England, which became fascist, and now works as a private detective for hire.
 * Through Darkest Europe
 * Harry Turtledove
 * Alternate medieval philosophies in both Christianity and Islam lead to a modern world where Islamic countries are the richest and most developed in the world, while European Christian countries are backward and violent.
 * The Only Harmless Great Thing
 * Brooke Bolander
 * Sign language communication with elephants became possible in the 1880s, but they were still considered animals for several decades more. US Radium purchased several (including Topsy the Elephant) to replace their litigious human employees from the Radium Girls scandal, because elephants can tolerate higher doses of radiation. Decades in the future, a scientist tries to persuade the elephant community to allow themselves to become long-time nuclear waste warning messages.
 * Summerland
 * Hannu Rajaniemi
 * In 1938 humanity discovers a realm to the afterlife called 'Summerland', a metropolis for the recently deceased, and the British Empire and the Soviet Union are vying for control over it.
 * rowspan="3" |2019
 * Machines Like Me
 * Ian McEwan
 * Alan Turing lived well past WW2, and technology overall is more advanced than in our time, so by the time of the 80s the Internet, social media, and self-driving cars already exist. Robots are available to a select rich few. Thatcher lost the Falklands War and is battling Tony Benn in UK politics.
 * Civilisations
 * Laurent Binet
 * The Vikings in c.1000 ad, travel to the Americas and make contact with native American peoples, specifically the Incas and the Aztecs, sharing cultural ideas with them and iron smelting techniques, but cause a pandemic by bringing diseases from Europe with them. This, however, leads to Native Americans gaining immunity to European diseases, so are in a stronger position against European colonisation. Christopher Columbus is kidnapped and his men killed, and the Americas remain unconquered. In 1531 the Incas invade Europe.
 * This Is How You Lose the Time War
 * Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone
 * Book features two agents from two warring factions (called 'Red' and 'Blue'), who traverse multiple different timelines in a form of time war. One timeline they encounter features a world where the Aztecs were not colonised, multiple worlds where Atlantis exists and falls, and one where the Earth was destroyed in a nuclear holocaust.
 * colspan=4|
 * Laurent Binet
 * The Vikings in c.1000 ad, travel to the Americas and make contact with native American peoples, specifically the Incas and the Aztecs, sharing cultural ideas with them and iron smelting techniques, but cause a pandemic by bringing diseases from Europe with them. This, however, leads to Native Americans gaining immunity to European diseases, so are in a stronger position against European colonisation. Christopher Columbus is kidnapped and his men killed, and the Americas remain unconquered. In 1531 the Incas invade Europe.
 * This Is How You Lose the Time War
 * Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone
 * Book features two agents from two warring factions (called 'Red' and 'Blue'), who traverse multiple different timelines in a form of time war. One timeline they encounter features a world where the Aztecs were not colonised, multiple worlds where Atlantis exists and falls, and one where the Earth was destroyed in a nuclear holocaust.
 * colspan=4|
 * colspan=4|
 * colspan=4|

2020s

 * rowspan="5" | 2020
 * The Once and Future Witches
 * Alix E. Harrow
 * Witches exist, and in New Salem in 1893 witches join the Suffragette movement. Witchcraft exists in this world and is somewhat accepted, but witches are fighting for the right to practice witchcraft openly and more boldly.
 * Ring Shout; or, Hunting Ku Kluxes in the End Times
 * P. Djeli Clark
 * Set in an alternate historical world of Macon, Georgia in 1922, the story is told from the perspective of Maryse Boudreaux. At this time, Prohibition is occurring and the town of Macon is known for having Ku Klux Klan marches with many white men, women, and children. Before the beginning of the story, the Second Klan came to be on November 25, 1915, on the day the trio refers to as "D-Day" or "Devil's Night", when an old witch summoned the "Ku Kluxes" at the Stone Mountain in Atlanta. Despite the efforts of formerly enslaved persons such as Robert Smalls to disband the first Klan, they were not able to wipe out the monsters that feed off the hatred and killing of innocent African-Americans in the United States. Due to the release of The Birth of a Nation, a product of dark magic, many white people were swayed into believing the narrative of the Ku Klux Klan as saviors and African-Americans as evil.
 * Elatsoe
 * Darcie Little Badger
 * Magic exists in America, and the magic, monsters, knowledge, and legends of all its peoples, native or not, exist. Magic includes the ability to make an orb of light appear or travel across the world through rings of fungi. Elatsoe, the protagonist, practises magic from her native Lipan Apache family, and can raise the ghosts of dead animals.
 * Rodham
 * Curtis Sittenfeld
 * Hillary Clinton never married Bill Clinton, and instead pursues a career in law. In 2015 she runs successfully for president with endorsements from Donald Trump.
 * Agency
 * William Gibson
 * In an alternate 2017 Brexit did not happen and Hillary Clinton is president, and Turkey and Syria are at the brink of war. Experimental military AI technology is created that allows people to use as proxies and enter alternate timelines where apocalyptic events did not happen
 * rowspan="2" | 2021
 * Outlawed
 * Anna North
 * The United States experienced a devastating flu pandemic in the 1830s. Among other implications, this pandemic resulted in strict fertility laws, and gender nonconformist women rebels hold out in the Hole-in-the-Wall as outlaws in the American frontier.
 * The Kingdoms
 * Natasha Pulley
 * Napoleon won the Battle of Trafalgar, and, the English were enslaved.
 * rowspan="2" | 2022
 * All the White Spaces
 * Ally Wilkes
 * A 1920 British expedition to Antarctica takes place in an alternate history to the one in which Ernest Shackleton and others explored the continent.
 * To Paradise
 * Hanya Yanagihara
 * In an alternate 1893 America, New York is part of the Free States, where same sex marriage is legal and normalised.
 * rowspan="2" | 2023
 * Babel, or the Necessity of Violence: An Arcane History of the Oxford Translator's Revolution
 * R.F. Kuang
 * In an alternate Oxford set in the Victorian Age, the British Empire is established and maintained through the magical use of silver, which when engraved with certain words release magical powers. The magical power specifically comes from when two etymologically linked pair of words from both English and another language are matched.
 * Cahokia Jazz
 * Francis Spufford
 * The variant of smallpox that arrived with European settlers was variola minor, both dramatically less fatal than variola major and conferring immunity on those who contracted it. Far from the Indigenous peoples in North America from being almost entirely wiped out, there is instead a huge and thriving Native American population in the US in 1922 located in the fictional state of Deseret.
 * }
 * In an alternate 1893 America, New York is part of the Free States, where same sex marriage is legal and normalised.
 * rowspan="2" | 2023
 * Babel, or the Necessity of Violence: An Arcane History of the Oxford Translator's Revolution
 * R.F. Kuang
 * In an alternate Oxford set in the Victorian Age, the British Empire is established and maintained through the magical use of silver, which when engraved with certain words release magical powers. The magical power specifically comes from when two etymologically linked pair of words from both English and another language are matched.
 * Cahokia Jazz
 * Francis Spufford
 * The variant of smallpox that arrived with European settlers was variola minor, both dramatically less fatal than variola major and conferring immunity on those who contracted it. Far from the Indigenous peoples in North America from being almost entirely wiped out, there is instead a huge and thriving Native American population in the US in 1922 located in the fictional state of Deseret.
 * }
 * The variant of smallpox that arrived with European settlers was variola minor, both dramatically less fatal than variola major and conferring immunity on those who contracted it. Far from the Indigenous peoples in North America from being almost entirely wiped out, there is instead a huge and thriving Native American population in the US in 1922 located in the fictional state of Deseret.
 * }